城市边缘带识别研究进展与展望

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.08.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市边缘带作为城市与乡村相交接的特殊地带,是城市化进程中最为敏感的区域;城市边缘带的定量识别是研究边缘带社会结构、景观格局和发展梯度的基础工作,也是城市化生态环境效应定量分析的前提条件。但边缘带识别的理论与方法未受到足够重视,缺乏系统梳理。本文在对比分析城市边缘带及相关概念的基础上,明确了城市边缘带识别的实质与内涵;提出了基于指示要素—空间单元—判别模型的城市边缘带识别概念框架,并从上述三方面系统回顾了国内外城市边缘带识别研究进展;对未来研究进行了展望,认为城乡作用机理探析、多要素综合识别、非参数化模型融合、多尺度转换以及长时间序列动态监测等将是下一步重点研究方向。

关键词: 城市边缘带, 指示要素, 空间单元, 判别模型, 进展与展望

Abstract:

Urban fringe is a special region between urban and rural areas, and it is the most active and sensitive place in the process of urbanization. It is an independent and unified geographic entity with great change and diversity. Quantitative identification of urban fringe, that is, determining its location and defining its spatial reach based on the natural, social, and economic characteristics, is the starting point for further research on its social structure, landscape pattern, and development gradient, and is of vital importance for the research of ecological effects of urbanization. It has drawn great attention of scholars from different fields. However, the theories and methods of urban fringe identification have been lacking of focus and need a systematic research and review. Based on comparative analyses of related concepts of urban fringe, this article clarifies the essence and connotation of urban fringe and its identification. It then proposes a conceptual framework on the basis of "indicative factors-spatial units-identifying models" for implementing urban fringe identification and reviews the progresses both at home and abroad in these three aspects. Indicative factors are the quantitative elements that are chosen based on available socioeconomic statistics data or spatial data to distinctively represent the characteristics of urban area, urban fringe, and rural area. The selection of spatial units is subject to the indicative factors and identifying models, including grid cells and administrative units. Identifying models are critical in the identification process. This study found that urban fringe identification is changing from depending on statistical data to spatial data, and from using administrative units to spatial grids. Finally, this article presents the key directions of future research: examining interactions between urban and rural areas, which is the foundation of other research on urban fringe; comprehensive identification based on multi-factors and taking advantage of multi-source datasets; integrating non-parametric models for quantitative identification, which is more suitable for the non-linear human-environmental system; up-scaling/down-scaling and exploring the appropriate scale of analysis; and dynamic monitoring of long time series data.

Key words: urban fringe, indicative factors, spatial units, identifying models, progress and prospect

中图分类号:

P901

彭建, 马晶, 袁媛. 城市边缘带识别研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(8): 1068-1077.

Jian PENG, Jing MA, Yuan YUAN. Research progress and prospect on the identification of urban fringe[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(8): 1068-1077.

图/表 3

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概念名称	提出时间	常用领域	背景及特点	关注视角
城市边缘带(区)	1989	地理学、生态学	沿用国外Urban fringe的定义,关注边缘区的区位优势、异质性及动态性	城市>乡村
城市阴影区	2000	社会学、经济学	由发展阴影区概念演化而来,强调城市对于周边地区的扩散和吸引
城乡结合部	1988	城市规划、土地管理	关注一定地域内城市与乡村功能的融合	城市≈乡村
城乡交错带	1995	地理学	同时关注城市边缘与乡村边缘,强调两者的相互作用
城乡过渡带	2002	地理学、遥感科学	关注城市实体空间扩展过程中城市至乡村的梯度