中国农户可持续生计研究进展及趋向

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.04.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 开展农户可持续生计研究,对于解决农村贫困问题,促进农村社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,本文首先阐述了可持续生计的概念,并对国外农户可持续生计研究概况进行了简介;然后从生计资产(资本)研究、生计脆弱性分析、生计策略研究、政策、机构和过程对农户生计影响研究、农户生计与生态环境的相互关系研究等5 个方面对近年来国内农户生计的主要研究进展进行了归纳总结。最后,提出了中国农户可持续生计研究的主要趋向:跨学科综合性、系统性研究,新技术方法的综合与动态研究,农户可持续生计与贫困问题研究,城乡转型期农户可持续生计研究,重点区域的农户可持续生计研究。

关键词: 可持续生计, 农户, 研究进展, 研究趋向, 中国

Abstract: Carrying on the research of sustainable livelihoods for peasant household has great significance to eliminating poverty and promoting the social and economic sustainable development in rural areas. Based on consulting extensive related literature, this paper elaborates the definition of sustainable livelihoods firstly and briefly describes foreign research progress of it. Then, the research progress of sustainable livelihoods for peasant household in China is summarized from the research contents, research technologies and methodologies. The summary of recent research achievements concerns five topics: (1) research on livelihood assets; (2) research on livelihood strategies; (3) research on livelihood vulnerability; (4) research on transforming structures and processes of the institutions,organizations,policies and legislation; and (5) research on the interrelation between the livelihood of peasant household and the ecological environment. Finally, on the basis of analyzing the domestic research progress of sustainable livelihoods for peasant household above, this paper argues that the main trends of Chinese future research on sustainable livelihoods for peasant household should be as follows: (1) interdisciplinary, integrated and systematic research on sustainable livelihoods for peasant household; (2) integrated research using new technologies and dynamic research; (3) research on the sustainable livelihoods for peasant household and poverty; (4) research on the sustainable livelihoods for peasant household under the new situation of rural-urban transformation in China; and (5) research on the sustainable livelihoods for peasant household in the key areas.

Key words: China, peasant household, research progress, research tendency, sustainable livelihoods

何仁伟, 刘邵权, 陈国阶, 谢芳婷, 杨晓佳, 梁岚. 中国农户可持续生计研究进展及趋向[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(4): 657-670.

HE Renwei, LIU Shaoquan, CHEN Guojie, XIE Fangting, YANG Xiaojia, LIANG Lan. Research progress and tendency of sustainable livelihoods for peasant household in China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(4): 657-670.

参考文献

Barrow C J, Hicham H. 2000. Two complimentary and integrated land uses of the western High Atlas Mountains, Morocco: The potential for sustainable rural livelihoods. Applied Geography, 20(4): 369-394.
Baumgartner R, Hogger R. 2004. In search of sustainable livelihood systems. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Bebbington A. 1999. Capital and capabilities: A framework for analyzing peasant viability, rural livelihoods and poverty. World Development, 27(12): 2021-2044.
Block S, Webb P. 2001. The dynamics of livelihood diversification in post-famine Ethiopia. Food Policy, 26(4): 333-350.
Bradstock A. 2006. Land reform and livelihoods in South Africa's Northern Cape Province. Land Use Policy, 23(3): 247-259.
Chambers R, Conway G R. 1992. Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21stcentury (IDS Discussion Paper 296). Brighton UK: Institute of Development Studies.
Chambers R. 1989. Vulnerability, coping and policy (Editorial Introduction). IDS Bulletin, 20(2): 1-7.
Chang J W. 2008. The impact of the collective forest ownership reform on peasants' livelihood: Based on the case study in Qianxi County, Guizhou Province [D]. Lanzhou, China: Lanzhou University. [常军卫. 2008. 集体林权制度改革对农户生计影响的研究: 以贵州省黔西县为例 [D]. 兰州: 兰州大学.]
Chen C B, Ding S J. 2003. Analysis on the livelihood risk of peasant household and its handling strategy. Chinese Rural Economy, (11): 66-71. [陈传波, 丁士军. 2003. 对农户风险及其处理策略的分析. 中国农村经济, (11): 66-71.]
Chen C B, Ding S J. 2005. The small farmers risk and risk management in China. Beijing, China: China Financial and Economic Publishing House. [ 陈传波, 丁士军. 2005. 中国小农户的风险及管理研究. 北京: 中国财政经济出版社.]
Chen J, Su Y L. 2008. The effect of prohibiting grazing on production and livelihood of peasant household in agro-pastoral transitional zone. Issues in Agricultural Economy, (6): 73-79. [陈洁, 苏永玲. 2008. 禁牧对农牧交错带农户生产和生计的影响: 对宁夏盐池县2 乡4 村80 个农户的调查. 农业经济问题, (6): 73-79.]
Cherni J A. 2009. Hill Energy and policy providing for sustainable rural livelihoods in remote locations: The case of Cuba. Geoforum, 40(4): 645-654.
Davis B, Winters P, Reardon T, et al. 2009. Rural nonfarm employment and farming: Household-level linkages. Agricultural Economics, 40(2): 119-123.
DFID. 2000. Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. London:Department for International Development.
Dong W F, Li X B. 2007. Policy implication of land conversion from paddy field to dry farming land upon local farmers' livelihood over the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir. Resources Science, 29(2): 21-27. [董文福, 李秀彬. 2007. 密云水库上游地区“退稻还旱”政策对当地农民生计的影响. 资源科学, 29(2), 21-27.]
Ellis F. 1998. Household strategies and rural livelihood diversification. Journal of development studies, 35(1): 1-38.
Ellis F. 2003. Livelihoods and rural poverty reduction in Uganda. World Development, 31(6): 997-1013.
Fan J, Liang Y,Tao A, et al. 2011. Energy policies for sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development of poor areas in China. Energy Policy, 39(3): 1200-1212.
Fan J. 2007. The scientific foundation of major function oriented zoning in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 62(4): 339-350. [樊杰. 2007. 我国主体功能区划的科学基础. 地理学报, 62(4): 339-350.]
Gao X W, Zuo T. 2007. Mutual aid in rural community and livelihood security of peasant household. Guangxi Social Sciences, (6):149-152.[高晓巍, 左停. 2007. 农村社区互助与农户生计安全. 广西社会科学, (6): 149-152.]
Gilman J. 2000. Suatainable livelihoods. International Social Science Journal, 17(4): 77-86.
Guo Z Y, Chang Y. 2007. The investment of human capital of peasant household and the growth of farmers' income. Economic Science, (3):26-35. [郭志仪, 常晔. 2007. 农户人力资本投资与农民收入增长. 经济科学, (3): 26-35.]
Hahn M B, Riederer A M, Foster S O. 2009. The livelihood vulnerability index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change: A case study in Mozambique. Global Environmental Change, 19(1): 74-88.
Han Z. 2004. Fragility and rural poverty. Issues in Agricultural Economy, (10):8-12. [韩峥. 2004. 脆弱性与农村贫困. 农业经济问题, (10): 8-12.]
Hou Y F. 2006. The effect of "Company & Herder" on sustainable livelihood of herdsmen [D]. Beijin, China: China Agricultural University. [侯玉峰. 2006.“公司+牧户”模式对牧民可持续生计的影响[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学.]
Huang J W. 2011. Review on the sustainable livelihood problems of land-lost farmers. China Land Science, 25(6): 89-95. [黄建伟. 2011. 失地农民可持续生计问题研究综述. 中国土地科学, 25(6): 89-95.]
Huang W. 2008. The research on the relationship of risk, vulnerability and poverty [D]. Wuhan, China: Huazhong Agricultural University. [黄伟. 2008. 风险冲击、脆弱性与农户贫困关系研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.]
Huang Y, Wu H F. 2008. Analysis on the social integration of household's livelihood innovation in poor mountainous areas. Rural Economy, (1): 112-114. [ 黄颖, 吴惠芳. 2008. 贫困山区农户生计创新的社会整合分析: 基于皖西南村庄的调查. 农村经济, (1): 112-114.]
Jin X X. 2008. A research on the relationship between the multiplicity of farmers' livelihood and the layout of countryside residential area: A case of Fengdu [D]. Chongqing, China: Southwest University. [金晓霞. 2008. 农民生计多样性与农村居民点布局关系的研究: 以丰都县为例 [D]. 重庆: 西南大学.]
Jin X Y, Li C H, Du H F, et al. 2011. New application of sustainable livelihoods framework: Research on livelihoods of rural-urban migrants. Modern Economic Science, 33 (3):103-109. [靳小怡, 李成华, 杜海峰, 等. 2011. 可持续生计分析框架应用的新领域: 农民工生计研究. 当代经济科学, 33(3): 103-109.]
Kates R W, Clark W C, Corell R, et al. 2001. Sustainability science. Science, 292: 641-642.
Koczberski G, Curry G N. 2005. Making a living: Land pressures and changing livelihood strategies among oil palm settlers in Papua New Guinea. Agricultural Systems, 85 (3): 324-339.
Li B H, Dou Y D, Yang Z, et al. 2011. The influence of social networking change on the vulnerability of poverty of rural households: A case study of Changgang village, Hubei Province. Rural Economy, (3):100-103. [李伯华, 窦银娣, 杨振, 等. 2011. 社会关系网络变迁对农户贫困脆弱性的影响: 以湖北省长岗村为例的实证研究. 农村经济, (3): 100-103.]
Li B, Li X Y, Zuo T. 2004. Research and practice on means of livelihood in rural development. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, (4):10-16. [李斌, 李小云, 左停. 2004. 农村发展中的生计途径研究与实践. 农业技术经济, (4): 10-16.]
Li C, Li S Z, Liang Y C, et al. 2010. The influence of labor migration on rural households livelihood strategy: An empirical analysis in western China mountain area. Modern Economic Science, 32(3): 77-85. [李聪, 李树茁, 梁义成, 等. 2010. 外出务工对流出地家庭生计策略的影响: 来自西部山区的证据. 当代经济科学, 32(3): 77-85.]
Li C, Li S Z, Feldman M W, et al. 2010. The influence of labor out-migration on rural household's livelihood capital in rural mountain area of western China. Population & Economics, (6): 20-26. [ 李聪, 李树茁, 费尔德曼, 等. 2010. 劳动力迁移对西部贫困山区农户生计资本的影响. 人口与经济, (6): 20-26.]
Li J, Li Y L, Tai X J, et al. 2009.On the rural households livelihood in the western poor areas after the slopping land conversion program within the sustainable livelihood analysis framework from the rural households survey in the Zhouzhi County, Shanxi Province. China Rural Survey, (5): 29-38. [黎洁, 李亚莉, 邰秀军, 等. 2009. 可持续生计分析框架下西部贫困退耕山区农户生计状况分析. 中国农村观察, (5): 29-38.]
Li L Y, Li X Y. 2007. Analysis on the livelihood capital of peasant household based upon perspective of development studies. Rural Economy, (10): 100-104. [李琳一, 李小云. 2007. 浅析发展学视角下的农户生计资产. 农村经济, (10): 100-104.]
Li X Y, Dong Q, Rao X L, et al. 2007. The analysis methods of vulnerability of peasant household and its localization in China. Chinese Rural Economy, (4): 32-39. [李小云, 董强, 饶小龙, 等. 2007. 农户脆弱性分析方法及其本土化应用. 中国农村经济, (4): 32-39.]
Li X Y, Yang F. 2005. The effect of China's accession to the WTO on the livelihood development of minority women. Collection of Women's Studies, 66(4): 21-26. [李小云, 杨帆. 2005. 入世对我国少数民族妇女生计发展的影响. 妇女研究论丛, 66(4): 21-26.]
Liang L T, Qu F T, Zhu P X, et al. 2008. Analysis of land use behavior and efficiency of different farm household types. Resources Science, 30(10): 1525-1531. [ 梁流涛, 曲福田, 诸培新, 等. 2008. 不同兼业类型农户的土地利用行为和效率分析: 基于经济发达地区的实证研究. 资源科学, 30(10): 1525-1531.]
Liang Y C, Li S Z, Li C. 2011. Analysis on the diversification of rural old's livelihood strategy based on multivariate probit model. Statistics and Decision, (15): 63-67. [梁义成, 李树茁, 李聪. 2011. 基于多元概率单位模型的农户多样化生计策略分析. 统计与决策, (15): 63-67.]
Liu Y S, Long H L, Zhang X L, et al. 2011. Research progress and prospect in the disciplines of agricultural geography and rural development in China. Progress in Geography, 30(12): 1498-1505. [刘彦随, 龙花楼, 张小林, 等. 2011. 中国农业与乡村地理研究进展与展望. 地理科学进展, 30(12): 1498-1505.]
Lu D D, Guo L X. 1998. Man earth areal system: The core of geographical study. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(2): 97-105. [陆大道, 郭来喜. 1998. 地理学的研究核心: 人地关系地域系统: 论吴传钧院士的地理学思想与学术贡献. 地理学报, 53(2): 97-105.]
Ma H S. 2010. The study on means of livelihood changes about Hui Nationality of Changji Area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: A case of Zhuanglang Village [D]. Lanzhou, China: Lanzhou University. [马海寿. 2010. 当代新疆昌吉地区回族生计方式变迁研究: 以庄浪户村为例[D]. 兰州: 兰州大学.]
McCusker B, Carr E R. 2006. The co-production of livelihoods and land use change: Case studies from South Africa and Ghana. Geoforum, 37(5): 790-804.
Pu C L, Ma Y, Xue Y Z, et al. 2011. Analysis on factors of changing livelihood of cotton farmers in Southern Xinjiang: Based on the investigation data of 400 cotton farmers in Awat County, Aksu Prefecture. Technoeconomics & Management Research, (4): 22-25. [蒲春玲, 马瑛, 薛曜祖, 等. 2011. 新疆南部地区棉农生计变化影响因素分析: 基于阿克苏地区阿瓦提县400 户棉农的调查数据. 技术经济与管理研究, (4): 22-25.]
Roberts M G, Yang G A. 2003. The international progress of sustainable development research: A comparison of vulnerability analysis and the sustainable livelihoods approach. Progress in Geography, 22(1): 11-21. [Roberts M
G, 杨国安. 2003. 可持续发展研究方法国际进展: 脆弱性分析方法与可持续生计方法比较. 地理科学进展, 22 (1): 11-21.]
Scoones I. 1998. Sustainable rural livelihoods: A framework for analysis (IDS Working Paper 72). Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.
Sheng K R. 2006. The main functions and sustainable development of the low-income regions: A case study of Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province in the upper and middle reaches of China's big rivers [D]. Beijing, China: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS. [盛科荣. 2006. 相对贫困地区主体功能建设与可持续发展研究: 以云南昭通为例对我国江河上中游相对贫困地区的探讨[D]. 北京: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所.]
Singh P K, Hiremath B N. 2010. Sustainable livelihood security index in a developing country: A tool for development planning. Ecological Indicators, 10(2): 442-451.
Smith D R, Gordon A, Meadows K, et al. 2001. Livelihood diversification in Uganda: Patterns and determinants of change across two rural districts. Food Policy, 26(4): 421-435.
Soini E. 2005. Land use change patterns and livelihood dynamics on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Agricultural Systems, 85 (3): 306-323.
Su F, Pu X D, Xu Z M, et al. 2009. Analysis about the relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood strategies:Take Ganzhou in Zhangye City as an example. China Population, Resources and Environment, 19(6): 119-125. [苏芳, 蒲欣冬, 徐中民, 等. 2009. 生计资本与生计策略关系研究: 以张掖市甘州区为例. 中国人口·资源与环境, 19(6): 119-125.]
Su F，Xu Z M，Shang H Y. 2009. An overview of sustainable livelihoods approach. Advances in Earth Science, 24(1): 61-69. [苏芳, 徐中民, 尚海洋. 2009. 可持续生计分析研究综述. 地球科学进展, 24(1): 61-69.]
Su F. 2009. Impact of the ecological compensation pattern on sustainable livelihood of peasant household: A case study of Zhangye District of the Heihe River Basin [D]. Lanzhou,China: Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS. [苏芳. 2009. 生态补偿对农户可持续生计的影响: 以黑河流域张掖市为例[D]. 兰州: 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所.]
Su J. 2007. Study on household livelihood from grain for green program in Guizhou Province [D]. Beijing, China:Beijing Forestry University. [苏娟. 2007. 贵州省退耕还林地区农户生计研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学.]
Su L, Fu S P. 2011. Coordination of ecological construction and peasants' livelihood in Loess Plateau of north Shaanxi. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University: Social
Sciences, 12(3): 47-54. [苏磊, 付少平. 2011. 农户生计方式对农村生态的影响及其协调策略. 湖南农业大学学报: 社会科学版, 12(3): 47-54.]
Tan S H, Qu F T, Huang X J. 2001. Differecn of farm household's land use decision-making and land conservation policies under market economy. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 24(2): 110-114. [谭淑豪, 曲福田, 黄贤金. 2001. 市场经济环境下不同类型农户土地利用行为差异及土地保护政策分析. 南京农业大学学报, 24 (2): 110-114.]
Tang Y M. 2010. Study on the influence of human capital on rural family poverty [D].Wuhan, China: Huazhong Agricultural University. [唐永木. 2010. 人力资本对农村家庭贫困的影响研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学.]
Tian S. 2008. Analyses on factors of land transference over peasants' livelihood of knob area of the Southwest [D]. Chongqing, China: Southwest University. [田帅. 2008. 西南丘陵地区土地流转对农户生计的影响因素分析[D]. 重庆: 西南大学.]
Wang C, Wang L P, Li X Q, et al. 2011. The source of the forward- security of farmers' livelihood and settlement integration: Based on the survey of 477 farmers in Bailin Village, west suburbs of Chongqing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(8): 1141-1152. [王成, 王利平, 李晓庆, 等. 2011. 农户后顾生计来源及其居民点整合研究: 基于重庆市西部郊区白林村471 户农户调查. 地理学报, 66(8): 1141-1152.]
Wang C C. 2010. The ecological effect of farmer household livelihood transition: A case study on the basis of community empowerment theory. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 26(18): 315-319. [王成超. 2010. 农户生计行为变迁的生态效应: 基于社区增权理论的案例研究. 中国农学通报, 26(18): 315-319.]
Wang C C, Yang Y S. 2011b. Impact of rural house impact of rural households' nonfarm employment on cropland transfer nonfarm employment on cropland transfer: In case of Changting County in Fujian Province, China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 31(11): 1362-1367. [ 王成超, 杨玉盛. 2011. 农户生计非农化对耕地流转的影响: 以福建省长汀县为例. 地理科学, 31(11): 1362-1367.]
Wang C C, Yang Y S. 2011a. Review of research on mountainous ecological restoration based on farmer household livelihood evolution. Journal of Natural Resources, 26 (2): 344-352. [王成超, 杨玉盛. 2011. 基于农户生计演化的山地生态恢复研究综述. 自然资源学报, 26(2): 344-352.]
Wang G X, Cheng G D. 2001. Characteristics of grassland and ecological changes of vegetations in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers. Journal of Desert Research, 21(2): 101-107. [王根绪, 程国栋. 2001. 江河源区的草地资源特征与草地生态变化. 中国沙漠, 21(2): 101-107.]
Wang X, Fu X. 2004.Sustainable management of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau: Problems overlooked and suggestions for change.Ambio, 33(3):153-154.
Wang X Z, Qi Y X, Sun T M. 2008. Analysis on the livelihood survey in the pilot watershed under UK trust fund CWMP. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 15(5): 231-234. [王兴中, 祁永新, 孙太旻. 2008. 英国赠款小流域治理管理项目示范流域农户可持续生计调查分析. 水土保持研究, 15(5): 231-234.]
Wu X P, Jin X X, Liu X H, et al. 2010. The influence of multiplicity of farmers' livelihood on the layout of countryside residential area: A case of Fengdu. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University: Social Science Edition, 8(5): 13-17. [吴旭鹏, 金晓霞, 刘秀华, 等. 2010. 生计多样性对农村居民点布局的影响: 以丰都县为例. 西南农业大学学报: 社会科学版, 8(5): 13-17.]
Xie D M. 2009. Application and validation on quantitative analysis method of livelihood assets of rural households: Based on investigation data on targeting efficiency of objective households with rural minimum living security in Fujian Province. Technology Economics, 28(9): 43-49. [谢东梅. 2009. 农户生计资产量化分析方法的应用与验证: 基于福建省农村最低生活保障目标家庭瞄准效率的调研数据. 技术经济, 28(9): 43-49.]
Xie X X, Zhang S Q, Zhu S T. 2010. Impacts of sloping land conversion program on households' sustainable livelihood. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 46(3): 457-464. [谢旭轩, 张世秋, 朱山涛. 2010. 退耕还林对农户可持续生计的影响. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 46(3): 457-464.]
Xu P, Xu M K, Du Y. 2008. Study on integration and application of the livelihood capital of peasant household. Rural Economy, (12): 89-93. [徐鹏, 徐明凯, 杜漪. 2008. 农户可持续生计资产的整合与应用研究: 基于西部10 县 (区)农户可持续生计资产状况的实证分析. 农村经济, (12): 89-93.]
Yan J Z, Zhang Y L, Bai W Q, et al. 2005. Livelihood succession and land use/cover change in the upper reaches of Dadu River watershed. Transactions of the CSAE, 21(3): 83-89. [阎建忠, 张镱锂, 摆万奇, 等. 2005. 大渡河上游生计方式的时空格局与土地利用/覆被变化. 农业工程学报, 21(3): 83-89.]
Yan J Z, Zhang Y L, Zhu H Y, et al. 2006. Residents ＇ response to environmental degradation: Case studies from three villages in the upper Dadu River watershed. Acta Geographica Sinica, 61(2): 146-156. [阎建忠, 张镱锂, 朱会义, 等. 2006. 大渡河上游不同地带居民对环境退化的响应. 地理学报, 61(2): 146-156.]
Yan J Z, Wu Y Y, Zhang Y L, et al. 2009. Livelihood diversification of peasants and nomads of eastern transect in Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 64(2): 221-233. [阎建忠, 吴莹莹, 张镱锂, 等. 2009. 青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计的多样化. 地理学报, 64(2): 221-233.]
Yan J Z, Yu O, Wu Y Y, et al. 2011. Livelihood vulnerability assessment of farmers and nomads in eastern ecotone of Tibetan Plateau, China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 31 (7): 858-867. [阎建忠, 喻鸥, 吴莹莹, 等. 2011. 青藏高原东部样带农牧民生计脆弱性评估. 地理科学, 31(7): 858-867.]
Yan J Z. 2004. Successions of livelihoods and land cover changes on the upper reaches of Dadu River: Explanation on local and regional scales [D]. Beijing, China: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS. [阎建忠. 2004. 大渡河上游生计方式演变与土地覆被变化: 从局地到区域的解释[D]. 北京: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所.]
Yang P T. 2009. Study on relationship between herdsmen's livelihood capital and livelihood strategy: A case in Gannan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province [D]. Lanzhou, China: Northwest Normal University. [杨培涛. 2009. 牧民生计资本与生计策略的关系研究: 以甘南藏族自治州为例[D]. 兰州: 西北师范大学.]
Yang Y Y, Zhao F. 2009. A survey of farmers livelihood capital in the framework of the sustainable livelihood approach: A case study of the reservoir zone of the South-To-North Water Transfer (Middle Line) Project. Issues in Agricultural Economy, (3): 58-65. [杨云彦, 赵锋. 2009. 可持续生计分析框架下农户生计资本的调查与分析: 以南水北调(中线)工程库区为例. 农业经济问题, (3): 58-65.]
Yao Y. 1999. The Labor market defects and the activities of the land market. China Rural Survey, (2): 16-27. [姚洋. 1999. 劳动力市场缺陷与土地市场的活动. 中国农村观察, (2): 16-27.]
Ye J Z. 2004. Creating space for change. China Rural Survey,(4): 37-45. [叶敬忠. 2004. 创造变化的空间: 农民发展创新的原动力研究.中国农村观察, (4): 37-45.]
Yu X B, Zhang C, Pan M Q. 2006. Economic assessment of alternative livelihood in the context of wetland restoration: A case study of Xipan Shan Zhou Polder, Dongting Lake, China. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 15(5): 632-637. [于秀波, 张琛, 潘明麒. 2006. 退田还湖后替代生计的经济评估研究: 以洞庭湖西畔山洲垸为例. 长江流域资源与环境, 15(5): 632-637.]
Zhang C L, Tong L J, Liu J B. 2008. Response of farmers to conversion of cultivated land to wetland and substitute livelihood: A Case of Sanjiang Reserve. Journal of Natural Resources, 23(4): 568-574. [张春丽, 佟连军, 刘继斌. 2008. 湿地退耕还湿与替代生计选择的农民响应研究: 以三江自然保护区为例. 自然资源学报, 23(4): 568-574.]
Zhang G P, Zhuang T H. 2011. Impacts of the natural disasters on poverty vulnerability of farmer households: Based on empirical analysis of Yunnan Province in 2009. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 29(1): 136-140. [张国培, 庄天慧. 2011. 自然灾害对农户贫困脆弱性的影响: 基于云南省2009 年的实证分析. 四川农业大学学报, 29 (1): 136-140.]
Zhang L P, Zhang Y L, Yan J Z, et al. 2008. Livelihood diversification and cropland use pattern in agro-pastoral mountainous region of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geographica Sinica, 63(4): 377-385. [张丽萍, 张镱锂, 阎建忠, 等. 2008. 青藏高原东部山地农牧区生计与耕地利用模式. 地理学报, 63(4): 377-385.]
Zhang L P. 2007. Household livelihood diversification and land use change: Case study of typical villages on the upper reaches of the Dadu River [D]. Beijing, China: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS. [张丽萍. 2007. 农户生计多样化与土地利用变化: 以大渡河上游典型村为例[D]. 北京: 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所.]
Zhao P H. 2009. Analysis and governance on the vulnerability of rural poverty in ethnic minority areas [D]. Beijing, China: Minzu University of China. [赵培红. 2009. 民族地区农村贫困的脆弱性分析及其治理[D]. 北京: 中央民族大学.]
Zhao X Y. 2011. The impact of livelihood capital on the life satisfaction of peasants and herdsmen: A case of Gannan Plateau. Geographical Research, 30(4): 687-698. [赵雪雁. 2011. 生计资本对农牧民生活满意度的影响: 以甘南高原为例. 地理研究, 30(4): 687-698.]
Zhao X Y, Li W, Yang P T. 2011. Impact of livelihood capital on the livelihood activities of farmers and herdsmen in Gannan Plateau. China Population, Resources and Environment, 21(4): 111-118. [赵雪雁, 李巍, 杨培涛. 2011. 生计资本对甘南高原农牧民生计活动的影响. 中国人口·资源与环境, 21(4): 111-118.]
Zhou R G. 2010. Livelihood diversification and cropland use: The case study of Three-gorge Reservoir District [D]. Chongqing, China: Southwest University. [卓仁贵. 2010. 农户生计多样化与土地利用: 以三峡库区典型村为例 [D]. 重庆: 西南大学.]
Zhu L K, Meng J J, Liu Y, et al. 2011. Livelihoods of farming and grazing households and land use in farming-pastoral transitional zone: A case study of Uxin Banner in Ordos, Inner-Mongolia. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 47(1): 133-140. [朱利凯, 蒙吉军, 刘洋, 等. 2011. 农牧交错区农牧户生计与土地利用: 以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市乌审旗为例. 北京大学学报: 自然科学版, 47(1): 133-140.]
Zuo T,Wang Z J. 2011. The theory of livelihood strategy change of the poor and its enlightenment to anti-poverty strategy in the transformation of China. Guizhou Social Sciences, (9): 54-59. [左停, 王智杰. 2011. 穷人生计策略变迁理论及其对转型期中国反贫困之启示. 贵州社会科学, (9): 54-59.]

[1]	陈卓, 梁宜, 金凤君. 基于陆路综合交通系统的中国城市网络通达性模拟及其对区域发展格局的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(2): 183-193.
[2]	姜宛贝, 刘卫东, 刘志高, 韩梦瑶. 中国化石能源燃烧碳排放强度非均衡性及其演变的驱动力分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1425-1435.
[3]	胡国建, 陆玉麒. 基于企业视角的城市网络研究进展、思考和展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1587-1596.
[4]	朱晟君, 黄永源, 胡晓辉. 多尺度视角下的产业价值链与空间升级研究框架与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(8): 1367-1384.
[5]	葛玉娟, 赵宇鸾, 李秀彬. 山区耕地细碎化对土地利用集约度影响——以贵州省亚鱼村为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1095-1105.
[6]	杜欣儒, 路紫, 李仁杰, 董雅晴, 高伟. 中国枢纽机场时间延误成本估算与航线影响分析及中美比较[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1160-1171.
[7]	任嘉敏, 马延吉. 地理学视角下绿色发展研究进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1196-1209.
[8]	周国华, 张汝娇, 贺艳华, 戴柳燕, 张丽. 论乡村聚落优化与乡村相对贫困治理[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 902-912.
[9]	谭雪兰, 蒋凌霄, 王振凯, 安悦, 陈敏, 任辉. 地理学视角下的中国乡村贫困——源起、进展与展望[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 913-923.
[10]	刘愿理, 廖和平, 李靖, 李涛, 蔡进, 何田. 后2020时期农户相对贫困测度及机理分析——以重庆市长寿区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 960-971.
[11]	赵雪雁, 刘江华, 王伟军, 兰海霞, 马平易, 杜昱璇. 贫困山区脱贫农户的生计可持续性及生计干预——以陇南山区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 982-995.
[12]	刘倩, 陈佳, 吴孔森, 杨新军. 秦巴山集中连片特困区农户多维贫困测度与影响机理分析——以商洛市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 996-1012.
[13]	刘小鹏, 程静, 赵小勇, 苗红, 魏静宜, 曾端, 马存霞. 中国可持续减贫的发展地理学研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 892-901.
[14]	孙娜, 张梅青. 基于高铁流的中国城市网络结构特征演变研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(5): 727-737.
[15]	杜德林, 王姣娥, 王祎. 中国三大航空公司市场竞争格局及演化研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 367-376.