地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 904-910.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2012.07.009

• 植被与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆渭干河流域土壤盐渍化时空变化及成因分析

乔木1, 周生斌1, 卢磊3, 闫俊杰1,2, 宋鹏1,2, 徐薇薇1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐830011;
    2. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京100049;
    3. 伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院, 新疆伊宁835000
  • 收稿日期:2012-01-01 修回日期:2012-05-01 出版日期:2012-07-25 发布日期:2012-07-25
  • 作者简介:乔木(1957-),男,研究员,研究方向为环境遥感与恢复生态。E-mail:qiaomu@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    973计划项目(2009CB421301)。

Causes and Spatial-Temporal Changes of Soil Salinization in Weigan River Basin, Xinjiang

QIAO Mu1, ZHOU Shengbin1, LU Lei3, YAN Junjie1,2, SONG Peng1,2, XU Weiwei1,2   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Forestry, Yining 835000, China
  • Received:2012-01-01 Revised:2012-05-01 Online:2012-07-25 Published:2012-07-25

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65 | 25

摘要： 以1985 年渭干河流域土壤普查数据、1998 年Landsat TM影像和2008 年CBERS影像为数据源, 通过人机交互解译方式获取3 个时期土壤盐渍化分布状况, 然后采用GIS空间分析方法对23 年来土壤盐渍化时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:①1985-2008 年, 总趋势是随着流域灌区和耕地面积的扩大, 盐渍化耕地也随之增加, 土壤盐渍化耕地面积由13.32×104hm2增至13.78×104hm2。②流域土壤盐渍化现象普遍, 主要分布在绿洲的下部边缘地带, 河流中下游、地势平缓低洼等区域, 盐渍化耕地在绿洲内部呈条形状分布, 在绿洲外围呈片状分布。③河道、渠系和水库渗漏、耕作制度不合理、土地不平整和气候变化等多种因素导致渭干河流域土壤盐渍化扩大, 但在局部地区由于生态恢复和改良利用措施, 使得土壤盐渍化面积也有缩减。

关键词: 驱动力, 时空变化, 土壤盐渍化, 渭干河流域

Abstract: Based on the soil data of the year 1985, Landsat TM images of 1998 and CBERS images of 2008, we reconstructed three-period distribution of soil salinization through interactive machine-artificial interpretation. Then the spatial-temporal changes over the past 23 years were analyzed with the support of GIS spatial analysis methods. The results are shown as follows. (1) With the expansion of arable land, salinization of arable land increased, too. Soil salinization land increased from 13.32×104 hm2 to 13.78×104 hm2. (2) Soil salinization is widespread, mainly in the lower edge of the oasis, the river downstream and the low-lying flat terrain areas. Salinized arable land presents a bar-shape distribution inside the oasis and a patch-shape distribution outside the oasis. (3) The expansion of soil salinization of Weigan River Basin was primarily caused by factors such as the increasingly drier climatic changing trend, river, canal and reservoir leakage, irrational farming, and the fact that the land is not flat. However, it has been alleviated by the implementation of ecological restoration and amendment of reclamation.

Key words: driver forces, soil salinization, spatial-temporal changes, weigan river basin