地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2004, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 88-96.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2004.02.011

• 生态与环境效应 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原的主要环境效应

莫申国, 张百平, 程维明, 谭娅, 肖 飞, 武红智   

  1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京　100101
  • 收稿日期:2003-11-01 修回日期:2004-02-01 出版日期:2004-03-25 发布日期:2004-03-25
  • 作者简介:莫申国(1972-),男,中国科学院资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室博士生。研究方向: 山地GIS. E-mail：mosg@lreis.cn
  • 基金资助:

    中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所领域前沿项目(CX10G-D00-09)。

Major Environmental Effects of the Tibetan Plateau

MO Shenguo, ZHANG Baiping, CHENG Weiming, TAN Ya, XIAO Fei, WU Hongzhi   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
  • Received:2003-11-01 Revised:2004-02-01 Online:2004-03-25 Published:2004-03-25

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摘要：

作为地球的“第三极”，青藏高原越来越受到世界的关注，本文就青藏高原的环境效应问题进行了研究和探讨。青藏高原的隆起和抬升，形成了其自身独特的自然环境特征，促成了独特的高原季风系统，造就了中国现代季风格局，影响着全球气候的变化和亚洲植被格局的分布，导致了亚洲干旱地带的北移和植被地带的不对称分布，形成了世界上著名的高原地带性植被格局。对中国东部、西北干旱区、亚洲的气候和植被格局乃至全球气候变化都具有深刻的影响。

关键词: 地带性植被, 高原季风系统, 环境效应, 青藏高原, 中国现代季风

Abstract:

The Tibetan Plateau, well-known as the ‘roof of the world’ and the ‘third polar of the earth’, is the youngest and most immense plateau on earth. This paper summarizes and analyzes research results and conclusions with respect to the environmental effects of the Plateau. The plateau shows particular environmental features, such as high cold climate and unique ecological patterns known as “Tibetan zonation”. It also has deep influence on the climate and vegetation patterns of East Monsoon China, Northwest Arid China, the Asia, and even the whole world. The climatic effects of the Plateau include its distinct plateau monsoon system and the formation of modern monsoon system of China. The plateau is characterized by frequent natural disasters, e.g., forest degradation, soil erosion, earthquake, landslide, debris flow, etc. Huamn impacts on the plateau could not be negleated, although they are not very strong.

Key words: environmental effects, modern monsoon system of China, plateau monsoon system, Tibetan Plateau, zonal vegetation