轨道站点周边建成环境对残疾人出行行为的影响研究——以武汉市189个轨道站点为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.07.005

地理科学进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 1127-1140.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.07.005

轨道站点周边建成环境对残疾人出行行为的影响研究——以武汉市189个轨道站点为例

王安琪¹^,³(), 彭建东¹, 任鹏¹, 杨红¹^,^*(), 代琦²

1.武汉大学城市设计学院,武汉 430070
2.武汉市交通发展战略研究院,武汉 430017
3.广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院,广州 510060

收稿日期:2020-10-12 修回日期:2021-03-06 出版日期:2021-07-28 发布日期:2021-09-28
通讯作者: *杨红(1993— ),男,贵州盘州人,博士生,主要从事城市交通与土地利用研究。E-mail: hyangup@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:王安琪(1995— ),女,内蒙古赤峰人,硕士生,主要从事城市交通与土地利用研究。E-mail: anqiwang27@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(71871027)

Impact of the built environment of rail transit stations on the travel behavior of persons with disabilities: Taking 189 rail transit stations in Wuhan City as an example

WANG Anqi¹^,³(), PENG Jiandong¹, REN Peng¹, YANG Hong¹^,^*(), DAI Qi²

1. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China
2. Wuhan Transportation Development Strategy Research Institute, Wuhan 430017, China
3. Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China

Received:2020-10-12 Revised:2021-03-06 Online:2021-07-28 Published:2021-09-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(71871027)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

残疾人流动性是衡量社会公平发展的重要方面。由于特殊的身体和社会经济状况,残疾人出行行为具有更为独特的特征,也更易受建成环境影响。论文基于武汉市轨道交通智能刷卡数据,整合多源空间大数据,探索武汉市残疾人轨道交通出行时空特征,并利用地理加权回归(GWR)模型进一步探究轨道交通站点周边建成环境对轨道交通残疾人客流量影响的空间异质性。研究发现：① 地铁出行的残疾人中有29.7%具有通勤出行的特征,出行频率工作日高于休息日,且均呈现早晚错峰出行的趋势;② 15~30 min即大约5~10 km的中短距离出行最多,活动范围集中于三环线以内的主城区,且以同区出行活动最为频繁,跨江出行较少;③ 在大部分的研究范围内,公交站点密度、路网密度、大型公园密度和站点开通时间对站点残疾人客流量均具有正向影响;④ 换乘站的日均残疾人客流量明显高于非换乘站;⑤ 与以往研究结论不同的是,土地利用混合度、站点无障碍设施对站点残疾人客流量的影响并不显著。研究可为“残疾人友好型”的轨道交通站点建成环境优化和新站点土地利用布局提供数据支撑,增强城市公共服务人本化。

关键词: 轨道站点, 建成环境, 残疾人, 出行行为, 地理加权回归, 武汉市

Abstract:

Mobility of persons with disabilities is an important aspect of equality of societies. Due to their special physical and socioeconomic conditions, the travel behavior of persons with disabilities has unique characteristics and is more susceptible to the impact of the built environment. Based on the smart card data of Wuhan rail transit, this study explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of rail transit trips of persons with disabilities in Wuhan City, and further explored the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of the built environment around rail transit stations on the passenger flow of persons with disabilities by using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The findings are as follows: 1) 29.7% of the persons with disabilities who travel by subway show the characteristics of commuting, the frequency of travel on working days is higher than that on nonworking days, and they all show the trend of off-peak travel in the mornings and evenings. 2) Traveling is mostly within the short and medium distance of 15-30 minutes, and the range of activities is concentrated in the main city within the Third Ring Road, with the most frequent trips in the same area and few trips across the river. 3) In most research areas, bus stop density, road density, and large park density and opening time all have positive influence on the ridership of persons with disabilities. 4) The daily average ridership of persons with disabilities in transfer stations is significantly higher than that in non-transfer stations. 5) Different from the conclusions of previous studies, the mixed degree of land use and barrier-free facilities have no significant influence on the ridership of persons with disabilities. The result of this research can provide data support for the optimization of the built environment of disability-friendly subway stations and the land use of new stations, and enhance the people-oriented development of urban public services.

Key words: rail transit stations, built environment, persons with disabilities, travel behavior, geographically weighted regression, Wuhan City

王安琪, 彭建东, 任鹏, 杨红, 代琦. 轨道站点周边建成环境对残疾人出行行为的影响研究——以武汉市189个轨道站点为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(7): 1127-1140.

WANG Anqi, PENG Jiandong, REN Peng, YANG Hong, DAI Qi. Impact of the built environment of rail transit stations on the travel behavior of persons with disabilities: Taking 189 rail transit stations in Wuhan City as an example[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(7): 1127-1140.

图/表 15

图1

表1

表2

多元回归模型指标设置

分类	指标	指标计算与解释
土地利用模式	站点距中央商务区距离	—
土地利用模式	土地利用混合度	土地利用混合度熵值： $S = - ∑ i = 1 n p i × lg p i$ S为土地利用混合程度熵值;n为土地利用类型的划分数目;p_i是第i类土地面积所占比例, $∑ i = 1 n p i = 1$
站点可达性	公交站点密度	站点480 m圆形范围内公交站个数与范围总面积之比(个/m²)
	路网密度	站点480 m圆形范围内道路长度与范围总面积之比(m/m²)
	交叉口数量	站点480 m圆形范围内交叉口个数(个)
轨道站点特征	轨道站点开通时间	—
	是否属于换乘站	是记为1;否记为0
	站点出入口个数	—
	无障碍设施及指示系统	包括：是否有坡道;坡道是否可用;无障碍直梯是否可用;盲道是否连续;是否有无障碍指示系统等。是记为1;否记为0
公共服务设施布局	站点范围内医疗机构数量站点周边范围内大型公园数量站点周边范围内文化休闲场所数量站点周边范围内大型购物中心数量站点周边范围内公司企业数量	—

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表3

表4

表5

表6

图9

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卡号	刷卡时间	刷卡线路	刷卡站点	刷卡类型	卡类型
80271104xxxxxxxx	2019-03-11T06:20:51	4	454	28	1104
80271104xxxxxxxx	2019-03-11T06:46:22	4	444	29	1104

模型	换乘站	下四分位数	中位数	上四分位数	Z	P值
工作日模型	是	164.000	291.000	448.000	-4.094	<0.001
工作日模型	否	47.500	118.000	196.000
休息日模型	是	151.500	255.000	376.000	-3.837	<0.001
休息日模型	否	47.750	119.500	203.250

变量	非标准化系数		标准系数	t	P值
变量	β	标准误差	标准系数	t	P值
截距	-87.32324	37.96795		-2.29992	0.02263
公交站点密度	1.20421	0.47318	0.16052	2.54493	0.01179
路网密度	23188.39684	5353.62303	0.27061	4.33135	0.00002
站点开通时间	0.01086	0.00498	0.11617	2.18081	0.03052
大型公园密度	1.87413	1.01713	0.09156	1.84257	0.06707

变量	非标准化系数		标准系数	t	P值
变量	β	标准误差	标准系数	t	P值
截距	-83.93798	40.66735		-2.06401	0.04048
公交站点密度	1.25756	0.50682	0.16398	2.48126	0.01403
路网密度	22990.70125	5734.24782	0.26246	4.00937	0.00009
站点开通时间	0.01027	0.00533	0.10743	1.92484	0.05586
大型公园密度	2.89895	1.08944	0.13854	2.66095	0.00851

日期	模型	残差平方和	决定系数	调整后的决定系数	AICc
工作日	OLS	2238546.4676	0.5748	0.5608	2323.7201
工作日	GWR	1245400.9563	0.7634	0.6785	2298.0343
休息日	OLS	2540259.0715	0.5383	0.5230	2347.6171
休息日	GWR	1419906.6779	0.7419	0.6493	2322.8186

轨道站点周边建成环境对残疾人出行行为的影响研究——以武汉市189个轨道站点为例

Impact of the built environment of rail transit stations on the travel behavior of persons with disabilities: Taking 189 rail transit stations in Wuhan City as an example

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