地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (6): 938-950.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.06.005
黄晗1,2,3, 李寻欢1,2,3, 周扬1,2,3,*()
收稿日期:
2019-12-30
修回日期:
2020-04-24
出版日期:
2020-06-28
发布日期:
2020-08-28
通讯作者:
周扬
作者简介:
黄晗(1998— ),男,河南新县人,硕士生,主要从事乡村地理、贫困地理研究。E-mail: huanghandida2018@163.com
基金资助:
HUANG Han1,2,3, LI Xunhuan1,2,3, ZHOU Yang1,2,3,*()
Received:
2019-12-30
Revised:
2020-04-24
Online:
2020-06-28
Published:
2020-08-28
Contact:
ZHOU Yang
Supported by:
摘要:
解决区域性整体贫困问题是全面建成小康社会的前提。丘陵山区是中国农村贫困人口的聚集区,开展丘陵山区贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究对实现贫困地区转型发展与乡村振兴具有重要的理论意义。论文以江西省于都县为例,以村域为研究单元,采用空间自相关、核密度估计、地理探测器等模型方法刻画了于都县农村贫困地理格局及其分异特征,识别了丘陵山区驱动农村贫困化的主导因子,揭示了农村贫困化的驱动机制。结果表明:① 丘陵山区农村贫困化存在明显的地域分异规律和空间集聚性特征,且聚集效应随减贫力度加大有所减弱;② 坡度、行政村到县城中心的可达度、路网密度和公共服务点数量是丘陵山区农村贫困化分异的主导因子,且随时间推移,资源禀赋不足对农村贫困化的驱动作用有所减弱,区位条件对农村贫困化的驱动作用逐渐增强;③ 不同时期丘陵山区农村贫困化地域分异的主导因素有所不同。农村贫困化有其自然和人文根源,科学减贫政策的制定与实施需以深化贫困发生机制理论认知为基础,协同推进区域性贫困和个体性贫困的减轻,从而实现贫困地区转型发展和乡村振兴。
黄晗, 李寻欢, 周扬. 中国丘陵山区农村贫困时空格局及其演变机制研究——以江西省于都县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(6): 938-950.
HUANG Han, LI Xunhuan, ZHOU Yang. Geographical pattern and spatial differentiation mechanism of rural poverty in hilly and mountainous areas of China: A case study of Yudu County in Jiangxi Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(6): 938-950.
表1
农村贫困化的测度指标体系"
系统层 | 指标层 | 指标释义 |
---|---|---|
资源禀赋 | 平均海拔(X1) | 行政村内的平均海拔高度(m) |
平均坡度(X2) | 行政村内的平均坡度(°) | |
人均耕地面积(X3) | 行政村内耕地面积与农业人口的比值(亩/人) | |
自然村分布核密度(X4) | 行政村栅格单元邻域密度的平均值(km2) | |
区位条件 | 到乡镇中心的可达度(X5) | 行政村栅格单元到县城中心时间成本的平均值(h) |
到县城中心的可达度(X6) | 行政村栅格单元到乡镇中心时间成本的平均值(h) | |
路网密度(X7) | 行政村内道路里程与村域面积的比值(km/km2) | |
到主干道距离(X8) | 行政村到国道、省道和县道的最短距离(km) | |
公共服务 | 公共服务点数量(X9) | 行政村内教育文化、金融保险、医疗卫生等公共服务点的数量(个) |
到最近公共服务点距离(X10) | 行政村到教育文化、金融保险、医疗卫生等公共服务点的最近距离(km) |
表2
于都县农村贫困化分异特征标准差椭圆参数"
年份 | 中心坐标 | 长半轴/km | 短半轴/km | 扁率 | 方位角/(°) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 115°30′35″E, 25°58′00″N | 25.021 | 12.172 | 0.514 | 34.079 |
2014 | 115°30′38″E, 25°58′00″N | 25.135 | 12.020 | 0.522 | 34.108 |
2015 | 115°30′39″E, 25°58′00″N | 25.417 | 11.928 | 0.531 | 33.939 |
2016 | 115°30′34″E, 25°57′28″N | 25.785 | 11.832 | 0.541 | 33.640 |
2017 | 115°30′35″E, 25°57′26″N | 25.967 | 11.788 | 0.546 | 33.585 |
2018 | 115°30′39″°E, 25°57′19″N | 26.016 | 11.545 | 0.556 | 33.551 |
表4
于都县农村贫困化影响因子探测结果"
年份 | X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | X8 | X9 | X10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 0.044 | 0.092*** | 0.005 | 0.026 | 0.066 | 0.023 | 0.161*** | 0.043 | 0.212*** | 0.049** |
2014 | 0.064 | 0.106*** | 0.007 | 0.033 | 0.086 | 0.031 | 0.177*** | 0.055* | 0.217*** | 0.057** |
2015 | 0.086*** | 0.109*** | 0.006 | 0.040 | 0.085 | 0.059 | 0.178*** | 0.050 | 0.211*** | 0.057** |
2016 | 0.088*** | 0.079*** | 0.010 | 0.037 | 0.075 | 0.085*** | 0.140*** | 0.051* | 0.142*** | 0.050** |
2017 | 0.083** | 0.073*** | 0.013 | 0.029 | 0.072 | 0.088*** | 0.109*** | 0.056** | 0.121*** | 0.044** |
2018 | 0.051* | 0.032* | 0.023 | 0.019 | 0.033 | 0.047*** | 0.049*** | 0.018 | 0.049*** | 0.032** |
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