基于MOD16的山西省地表蒸散发时空变化特征分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.02.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于MOD16全球蒸散发产品和气象站点实测数据,运用变异系数法、Sen趋势法等研究了山西省2000—2014年地表蒸散发ET、潜在蒸散发PET的空间分布特征、变化趋势及影响因素。结果表明：① MOD16蒸散产品与气象站点实测蒸散发之间具有良好的时空相关性(R ²=0.90),其产品精度可以满足山西省蒸散发时空分布研究的要求;②山西省多年平均ET、PET分别为816.77、1608.46 mm,年内变化表现为先增高后下降的“单峰”型分布,二者差值在5月、6月最大,此时山西省最为干旱;③ 全省年平均ET呈现西北低、东南高的分布特征,PET呈西南高、东北低的分布特征,二者差值整体上较大,表现为全省地表水分比较缺乏,其中忻州、吕梁西部最为严重;④ 全省近15 a来ET和PET的年际变化都比较小,整体上全省PET在增加,ET在相对减少,意味着近15 a来干旱情况在加剧;⑤ ET、PET的时空变化与诸多气象因子相关,在空间尺度上与降水、相对湿度密切相关,在时间尺度上与气温、降水关系最为密切。

关键词: 蒸散发, 潜在蒸散发, 时空分布, MOD16, 山西省

Abstract:

Based on the MODIS evapotranspiration (ET) products (MOD 16) and the observation data of meteorological stations, coefficient of variation method and Sen+Mann-Kendall model were used to analyze the spatiotemporal feature, variation trends, and influencing factors of land surface ET and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in Shanxi Province from 2000 to 2014. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The accuracy of the MOD16-ET (R ²=0.9) of Shanxi can meet the requirements of such research, and can be used to examine the spatiotemporal distribution of surface ET. 2) The mean annual ET and PET were 816.77 mm and 1608.46 mm, respectively. The annual distribution showed a unimodal pattern, which increased first and then decreased; the difference between ET and PET was the largest in May and June when it was the driest in the study area. 3) The annual average ET of the study area was low in northwest Shanxi and high in southeast, while the annual average PET was high in southwest and low in northeast of the study area. The overall difference between the annual average ET and PET was relatively large, which reflects that the whole province was shortage of water, especially in Xinzhou and the west of Lvliang. 4) The interannual variations of ET and PET have been relatively small in the past 15 years. Evapotranspiration showed a decreasing trend, and PET showed an increasing trend, which suggest that the drought was aggravated in Shanxi in the past 15 years. 5) The correlation analysis between evapotranspiration and meteorological factors indicated that the spatiotemporal variation of evapotranspiration was closely related to many climatic factors—they were related to precipitation and relative humidity spatially, and were most closely related to temperature and precipitation temporally.

Key words: evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, spatiotemporal distribution, MOD16, Shanxi Province

温媛媛, 赵军, 王炎强, 王玉纯, 王建邦. 基于MOD16的山西省地表蒸散发时空变化特征分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(2): 255-264.

WEN Yuanyuan, ZHAO Jun, WANG Yanqiang, WANG Yuchun, WANG Jianbang. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of surface evapotranspiration in Shanxi Province based on MOD16[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(2): 255-264.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表1

表2

参考文献 24

[1]	Wang K, Dickinson R E . A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: Observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability[J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2012,50(2):1-54.
[2]	刘昌明, 张丹 . 中国地表潜在蒸散发敏感性的时空变化特征分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011,66(5):579-588.
	[ Liu Changming, Zhang Dan . Temporal and spatial Change analysis of the sensitivity of potential evapotranspiration to meteorological influencing factors in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011,66(5):579-588. ]
[3]	汪左, 王芳, 张运 . 基于CWSI的安徽省干旱时空特征及影响因素分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2018,33(5):853-866.
	[ Wang Zuo, Wang Fang, Zhang Yun . Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of drought in Anhui Province based on CWSI. Journal of Natural Resources, 2018,33(5):853-866. ]
[4]	Chen Y, Xia J, Liang S , et al. Comparison of satellite-based evapotranspiration models over terrestrial ecosystems in China[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2014,140(1):279-293.
[5]	Liu S, Sun R, Sun Z , et al. Evaluation of three complementary relationship approaches for evapotranspiration over the Yellow River Basin[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2006,20(11):2347-2361.
[6]	Wang K, Liang S . An improved method for estimating global evapotranspiration based on satellite determination of surface net radiation, vegetation index, temperature, and soil moisture[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 2008,9(4):712-727.
[7]	Tang R L, Li Z L, Tang B H . An application of the Ts-VI triangle method with enhanced edges determination for evapotranspiration estimation from MODIS data in arid and semi-arid regions: Implementation and validation[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2010,114(3):540-551.
[8]	Lian J, Huang M . Comparison of three remote sensing based models to estimate evapotranspiration in an oasis-desert region[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2016,165:153-162.
[9]	Martens B, Miralles D G, Lievens H , et al. GLEAM v3: Satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture[J]. Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 2016,10(5):1-36.
[10]	Houser P R . Land data assimilation systems[M] // Swinbank R, Shutyaev V, Lahoz W A. Data Assimilation for the Earth System. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.
[11]	Mu Q Z, Zhao M, Steven W . Improvements to a MODIS global terrestrial evapotranspiration algorithm[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2011,115(8):1781-1800.
[12]	Velpuri N M, Senay G B, Singh R K , et al. A comprehensive evaluation of two MODIS evapotranspiration products over the conterminous United States: Using point and gridded FLUXNET and water balance ET[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2013,139(4):35-49.
[13]	何慧娟, 卓静, 董金芳 , 等. 基于MOD16监测陕西省地表蒸散变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015,38(5):960-967.
	[ He Huijuan, Zhuo Jing, Dong Jinfang , et al. 2015. Surveying variations of evapotranspiration in Shaanxi Province using MOD16 products. Arid Land Geography, 2015,38(5):960-967. ]
[14]	阿迪来·乌甫, 玉素甫江·如素力, 热伊莱·卡得尔, 等. 基于MODIS数据的新疆地表蒸散量时空分布及变化趋势分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017,36(7):1245-1256.
	[ Adilai Wufu, Yusubujiang Rusuli, Reyilai Kadeer , et al. Spatio-temporal distribution and evolution trend of evapotranspiration in Xinjiang based on MOD16 data. Geographical Research, 2017,36(7):1245-1256. ]
[15]	姜艳阳, 王文, 周正昊 . MODIS MOD16蒸散发产品在中国流域的质量评估[J]. 自然资源学报, 2017,32(3):517-528.
	[ Jiang Yanyang, Wang Wen, Zhou Zhenghao . Evaluation of MODIS MOD16 evaportranspiration product in Chinese river basins. Journal of Natural Resources, 2017,32(3):517-528. ]
[16]	赵燊, 陈少辉 . 基于台站和MOD16数据的山东省蒸散及潜在蒸散时空变化[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017,36(8):1040-1047.
	[ Zhao Shen, Chen Shaohui . Spatiotemporal variations of evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration in Shandong Province based on station observations and MOD16. Progress in Geography, 2017,36(8):1040-1047. ]
[17]	田国珍, 武永利, 梁亚春 , 等. 基于蒸散发的干旱监测及时效性分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016,39(4):721-729.
	[ Tian Guozhen, Wu Yongli, Liang Yachun , et al. Drought monitoring and timeliness based on evapotranspiration model. Arid Land Geography, 2016,39(4):721-729. ]
[18]	金晓媚, 唐蕴 . 山西三大盆地蒸散量的遥感研究[J]. 科技导报, 2007,25(4):31-34.
	[ Jin Xiaomei, Tang Yun . Research on regional evaportranspiration of three basins in Shanxi based on remote sensing method. Science & Technology Review, 2007,25(4):31-34. ]
[19]	刘广东, 李艳, 刘海军 , 等. 山西地区近55年参考作物蒸散量的变化特征及其主要影响因素分析[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2012,31(5):26-30.
	[ Liu Guangdong, Li Yan, Liu Haijun , et al. Changing trend of reference crop evapotranspiration and its dominated meteorological variables in Shanxi Province in the past 55 years. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2012,31(5):26-30. ]
[20]	党跃军, 王礼霄, 严俊霞 . 山西省2003—2012年植被时空变化格局及对气候因子的响应[J]. 水土保持研究, 2015,22(2):235-240.
	[ Dang Yuejun, Wang Lixiao, Yan Junxia . Spatial temporal dynamics of vegetation and its response to climatic factors in Shanxi Province from 2003 to 2012. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015,22(2):235-240. ]
[21]	王云峰 . 山西省小型水面蒸发器折算系数分析[J]. 山西水利, 2004,20(2):46-47.
	[ Wang Yunfeng . Analysis of conversion coefficients of small water surface evaporators in Shanxi Province. Shanxi Water Resources, 2004,20(2):46-47. ]
[22]	张巧凤, 刘桂香, 于红博 , 等. 基于MOD16A2的锡林郭勒草原近14年的蒸散发时空时态[J]. 草地学报, 2016,24(2):286-293.
	[ Zhang Qiaofeng, Liu Guixiang, Yu Hongbo , et al. Temporal and spatial dynamic of ET based on MOD16A2 in recent fourteen years in Xilingol Steppe. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2016,24(2):286-293. ]
[23]	任丽娜 . 山西现严重干旱, 为1989年以来第3个严重少雨年 [EB/OL]. 中国新闻网, 2013- 04- 19 [2019-03-10].
	[ Ren Lina . Shanxi is now severely dry, the third severely dry year since 1989. China News, 2013- 04- 19 [2019-03-10]. ].
[24]	Roderick M L . The cause of decreased pan evaporation over the past 50 years[J]. Science, 2002,298:1410-1411.

变化趋势		面积占比/%				总计/%
变化趋势		不显著	弱显著	显著	极显著	总计/%
ET	增加	34.01	3.86	5.89	3.67	47.43
	减少	38.37	4.17	6.63	3.40	52.57
PET	增加	2.61	8.12	34.16	33.21	78.10
	减少	10.77	4.51	5.58	1.04	21.90

气象因子		降水	风速	气温	水汽压	相对湿度	日照时数
空间相关性	ET	0.73	0.23	0.35	0.39	0.46	-0.60
	PET	-0.23	-0.29	0.57	0.44	-0.48	-0.28
时间相关性	ET	0.81	-0.64	0.45	0.76	0.80	-0.18
	PET	0.68	0.40	0.93	0.74	-0.04	0.88