估算干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散发的White法评述

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.09.001

地理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1159-1170.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.09.001

• 研究综述 • 下一篇

估算干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散发的White法评述

王平^1,^*(), 张学静^1,², 王田野^1,², POZDNIAKOV Sergey P³

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科国立大学水文地质系,莫斯科119991

收稿日期:2018-03-29 修回日期:2018-06-25 出版日期:2018-09-28 发布日期:2018-09-28
通讯作者: 王平
作者简介:
作者简介：王平(1979-),男,安徽肥西人,副研,主要从事干旱区地下水与生态水文过程研究,E-mail: wangping@igsnrr.ac.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671023,41371059,41571029);国家自然科学基金委员会与俄罗斯基础研究基金会合作交流项目(41811530084,18-55-53025 ГФЕН_а)

A review of the White method for the estimation of evapotranspiration from phreatophytes in arid areas

Ping WANG^1,^*(), Xuejing ZHANG^1,², Tianye WANG^1,², Sergey P POZDNIAKOV³

1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Department of Hydrogeology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia

Received:2018-03-29 Revised:2018-06-25 Online:2018-09-28 Published:2018-09-28
Contact: Ping WANG
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41671023, No.41371059, No.41571029;National Natural Science Foundation of China and Russian Foundation for Basic Research Programme, No.41811530084, No.18-55-53025 ГФЕН_а

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

日尺度上的地下水位波动是干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散消耗地下水的直接证据与指示。White通过分析日尺度地下水位波动与植被蒸散之间的关系,提出了利用地下水位观测数据来计算植被蒸散速率的方法,简称White法。该方法由于计算简单,所需数据少,在干旱区河岸林蒸散定量方面得到了广泛的应用。本文通过系统回顾White法的提出、“四大假设条件”及其在实际应用中的不足,梳理了近年来对White法不断修订的总体思路,总结了各种形式White法的特点、使用条件以及存在的主要问题;在此基础上,提出了White法进一步改进的方向。当前,结合地表蒸散发的多尺度观测与模拟,White法不仅可以用来估算区域尺度地下水蒸散,而且能够为定量解析干旱区植物的水分利用来源提供验证与参考。

关键词: 干旱区, 地下水依赖型生态系统, 蒸散发, 水位波动法, 给水度

Abstract:

Diurnal water table fluctuation is considered the evidence and indicator of groundwater evapotranspiration by phreatophytes in arid areas. Based on the relationship between plant evapotranspiration and diurnal water table fluctuation, White proposed an analytical solution for estimating evapotranspiration rates using groundwater level monitoring data, i.e., the White method. Due to its simplicity and limited data requirements, this method has been widely used to estimate plant evapotranspiration in riparian zones of arid areas. In this article, we first introduced the fundamentals and four assumptions of the White method, and uncertainties that are involved in its application. Then, we reviewed the recent developments in the method, and discussed the main characteristics, limitations, and shortcomings of each modification; on this basis, the principle of further improvement of the White method is proposed. At present, combined with multi-scale observation and simulation of land surface evapotranspiration, the White method can be used not only to estimate regional scale groundwater evapotranspiration, but also to provide a reference for investigating water sources for plant use in arid regions.

Key words: arid area, groundwater-dependent ecosystem, evapotranspiration, water table fluctuation method, specific yield

王平, 张学静, 王田野, POZDNIAKOV Sergey P. 估算干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散发的White法评述[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(9): 1159-1170.

Ping WANG, Xuejing ZHANG, Tianye WANG, Sergey P POZDNIAKOV. A review of the White method for the estimation of evapotranspiration from phreatophytes in arid areas[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(9): 1159-1170.

图/表 6

图1

图2

表1

White法的重要发展阶段及主要贡献"

引用文献	主要贡献
Blaney等(1930)	观测发现夜间8点至清晨8点的蒸散量小于日蒸散总量的6%,尤其午夜至凌晨植被蒸散微弱,为White法“四点假设”的提出提供依据
White (1932)	提出了基于地下水位波动日过程的植被蒸散估算方法(即White法)及其“四点假设”
Troxell (1936)	指出White法四点假设之一的“地下水补给速率在日尺度上恒定”并不成立,并由此导致White法所估算的植被蒸散存在一定误差
Haise等(1950)	观测到植被蒸散同样引起土壤水分的昼夜波动,为后来改进White法以及利用土壤水日波动信息来估算植被蒸散提供基础
Klinker等(1964)	观测到河水位与地下水位的昼夜变化具有同步性,为后来利用河水位日波动数据进行河岸林蒸散估算提供基础
Meyboom (1965)	提出采用“速效给水度(readily available specific yield)”来替代White法计算公式中的给水度,并建议速效给水度的取值为传统给水度的一半
Reigner (1966)	发展了基于河流水位昼夜波动信息的河岸林蒸散估算方法
Gerla (1992)	通过确定日尺度上的水位下降与补给速率来估算湿地生态系统蒸散量
Hays (2003)	根据地下水位3个特征值,将水位变化日过程划分为两个时段,并分时段求解地下水消耗速率与补给速率,降低了White法计算的不确定性
Engel等(2005)	运用地下水位叠加原理,通过引入区域地下水位变化(Δz_ref)一项,对White法进行改进
Nachabe等(2005)	基于White法基本原理,通过计算日尺度上的土壤剖面含水量变化来估算植被蒸散量
Schilling (2007)	观测发现草地生态系统覆盖下的地下水位昼夜波动呈阶梯状(stepped pattern),提出了该模式下的草地蒸散估算方法
Gribovszki等(2008)	考虑地下水补给速率在小时尺度上的变化,改进White法,并满足小时尺度上的植被蒸散估算
Loheide (2008)	引入地下水位变化去趋势分析法,改进White法,允许计算小时尺度上的地下水位变化速率
Soylu等(2012)	引入傅立叶变换,建立植被蒸散与地下水位波动振幅之间的线性关系
李洪波等(2012)	通过计算相邻两天地下水位恢复的平均速率来确定White法计算公式中的地下水净补给量
Yin等(2013)	利用小时尺度的水位变化来代替White法计算公式中的日尺度地下水位净变化量
Wang, Pozdniakov (2014)	在Soylu等(2012)改进的基础上,通过建立地下水位日变化统计方差与植被蒸散之间的数学关系来估算植被蒸散
Wang, Grinevsky等(2014)	引入地下水位叠加原理,提出了White法形式的季节性地下水位波动法,用于计算生长季植被蒸散量

表1

图3

图4

图5

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估算干旱区地下水依赖型植物蒸散发的White法评述

A review of the White method for the estimation of evapotranspiration from phreatophytes in arid areas

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