时空压缩下的中国乡村空间生产——以广州市域乡村投资为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

党的十九大报告提出“乡村振兴”战略,人文地理学者的角色是从空间和区域的角度参与各类乡村振兴实践和思考。马克思主义地理学代表人物大卫·哈维指出,“时空压缩”现象加剧了资本积累的危机,要消除危机,必须从生产方式和生产关系的革命入手。本文以2015-2017年广州市企业投资中的乡村项目为例,分析哪些项目是消除区域发展两级分化、抵制资本纯粹追逐利润的,从而为政府重点鼓励何类项目提供依据。本文采用经验主义的数据统计分析方法,主要研究结论为：①从空间分布上看,2015-2017年企业投资在广州乡村的项目大部分是按照“纯粹”市场原则分布的,即投资项目以近郊为主,高投资额的投资项目也集中在近郊,这种分布是“时空压缩”的结果。②2015-2017年少部分投资在广州乡村的项目并非“纯粹”追求利润,它们主要是为改变乡村生活的环境质量,而非生产经营性的、“空间修复”型的项目,更能体现人们对幸福生活本质理解的积极性项目。

关键词: 乡村振兴, 时空压缩, 投资空间分布, 广州

Abstract:

The Report of the 19th CPC Congress puts forward the strategy of rural vitalization. The role of human geographers is to participate in various rural vitalization practices and to think of it from the perspective of space and region. David Harvey, a representative of the Marxist geography, pointed out that the phenomenon of time-space compression had aggravated the crisis of capital accumulation. To eliminate the crisis needs the revolution in production modes and production relations. This study used the data of rural investment projects of enterprises in Guangzhou City from 2015 to 2017 published on the Guangdong Provincial Government’s official website, to find out what projects tried to eliminate regional development gaps and resisted the pure pursuit of capital profits. This will provide a basis for the government to target its support. The research method was empirical analysis of the statistical data. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the spatial distribution of investment projects indicates that the majority of the investments in the rural vitalization of Guangzhou City from 2015 to 2017 followed the “pure” market principle—the investment projects are mainly in the suburbs close to the central city, and the large-scale investment projects are also concentrated there. This distribution is the result of time-space compression. Second, a small number of the rural investment projects for rural vitalization in Guangzhou City from 2015 to 2017 are not purely pursuing profits. These investment projects are mainly on improving the environmental quality of rural areas, rather than on production. These may be regarded as spatial restoration projects, not for strengthening capital circulation. These investment projects can better reflect people's understanding of the nature of a happy life and have positive meanings.

Key words: rural vitalization, space-time compression, spatial distribution of investment, Guangzhou City

周尚意, 许伟麟. 时空压缩下的中国乡村空间生产——以广州市域乡村投资为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 647-654.

Shangyi ZHOU, Weilin XU. A geographical analysis on the positive investment projects in rural vitalization under time-space compression:A case study of Guangzhou City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(5): 647-654.

图/表 4

参考文献 44

[1]	崔丽华. 2011. 大卫·哈维空间批判理论研究[D]. 北京: 北京师范大学.
	[Cui L H.2011. Study on David Harvey's spatial critical theory[D]. Beijing: Beijing Normal University.]
[2]	戴俊骋, 周尚意. 2015. 历史层累视角下的地方形成机制探讨: 以北京东高村镇为例[J]. 人文地理, 30(5): 16-21.
	[Dai J C, Zhou S Y.2015. On mechanism of place making in the view of 'historical layers' theory: A case of Donggaocun town in Beijing[J]. Human Geography, 30(5): 16-21.]
[3]	戴维·哈维. 2003. 后现代的状况: 对文化变迁之缘起的探究[M]. 阎嘉, 译. 北京:商务印书馆.
	[Harvey D.2003. The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the conditions of cultural change[M]. Yan J, trans. Beijing: The Commercial Press.]
[4]	范建华. 2018. 乡村振兴战略的时代意义[EB/OL]. 2018-02-14 [2018-04-01]. .
	[Fang J H. 2018. Xiangcun zhenxing de shidai yiyi [EB/OL]. . 2018-02-14.]
[5]	郭凯钧. 2014. 美丽乡村建设视角下的文化遗产保护: 以萧山乡村为例[J]. 环球市场信息导报, (23): 57-61.
	[Guo K J.2014. Meili xiangcun jianshe shijiao xia de wenhua yichan baohu: Yi Xiaoshan xiangcun weili[M]. Global Market Information Guide, (23): 57-61.]
[6]	黄良伟, 李广斌, 王勇. 2015. “时空修复”理论视角下苏南乡村空间分异机制[J]. 城市发展研究, 22(3): 108-112.
	[Huang L W, Li G B, Wang Y.2015. The mechanism of rural spatial differentiation in southern Jiangsu based on "Time-Space Fix" Theory[J]. Urban Development Studies, 22(3): 108-112.]
[7]	景天魁. 2015. 时空压缩与中国社会建设[J]. 兰州大学学报: 社会科学版, 43(5): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2804.2015.05.001
	[Jing T K.2015. The time-space compression and social construction in China[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University: Social Sciences, 43(5): 1-9.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2804.2015.05.001
[8]	理查德·沃尔夫, 史清竹. 2017. 资本主义危机与回归马克思[J].国外理论动态, (9): 17-23.
	[Wollfden R D, Shi Q Z.2017. Zibenzhuyi weiji yu huigui Makesi[J]. Foreign Theoretical Trends, (9): 17-23.]
[9]	马克思, 恩格斯. 2009. 马克思恩格斯文集(第5卷)[M]. 中共中央编译局, 译. 北京: 人民出版社: 58.
	[Marx K, Engels F.2009. Makesi Engesi wenji(di wu juan)[M]. Central Compilation and Translation Bureau, Trans. Beijing: People's Publishing House: 58.]
[10]	潘竟虎, 从忆波. 2012. 中国4A级及以上旅游景点(区)空间可达性测度[J]. 地理科学, 32(11): 1321-1327.
	[Pan J H, Cong Y B.2012. Spatial accessibility of scenic spot at 4A level and above in China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 32(11): 1321-1327.]
[11]	托马斯·皮凯蒂. 2014. 21世纪资本论[M]. 巴曙松, 译. 北京: 中信出版社: 46.
	[Piketty T.2014. Capital in the twenty-first century[M]. Ba S S, Trans. Beijing: China Citic Press: 46.]
[12]	王勇, 李广斌. 2012. 基于“时空分离”的苏南乡村空间转型及其风险[J]. 国际城市规划, 27(1): 53-57.
	[Wang Y, Li G B.2012. Rural spatial transformation and its risk based upon "Separation of Time and Space" Theory in southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Urban Planning International, 27(1): 53-57.]
[13]	徐志文, 王礼力, 谢方. 2015. 农村公共投资促进城乡经济一体化的效率及其影响因素[J]. 农林经济管理学报, 14(3): 252-258. doi: 10.16195/j.cnki.cn36-1328/f.2015.03.006
	[Xu Z W, Wang L L, Xie F.2015. Efficiency of rural public investment in urban-rural economic integration and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management, 14(3): 252-258.] doi: 10.16195/j.cnki.cn36-1328/f.2015.03.006
[14]	余乐. 2011. 哈维的"时空压缩"理论及其当代文化批判[D]. 济南: 山东大学.
	[Yu L.2011. David Harvey's Time-Spatial Compress Theory and the contemporary cultural critique[D]. Jinan: Shandong: Shandong University.]
[15]	约翰·肯尼斯·加尔布雷思. 2008. 美国资本主义: 抗衡力量的概念[M]. 王肖竹, 译. 北京: 华夏出版社.
	[Galbraith J K.2008. American capitalism: The concept of countervailing power[M]. Wang X Z, Trans. Beijing: Huaxia Publishing Company.]
[16]	张佳. 2017. 论大卫·哈维的资本积累危机理论及其当代价值[J]. 北京大学学报: 哲学社会科学版, 54(4): 24-31.
	[Zhang J.2017. On David Harvey's theory of capital accumulation crisis and its contemporary value[J]. Journal of Peking University: Philosophy and Social Sciences, 54(4): 24-31.]
[17]	张弦. 2016. 乡愁经济视角下宁波休闲农业发展的理性思考[J]. 宁波通讯, (19): 65-66.
	[Zhang X.2016. Xiangchou jingji shijiao xia Ningbo xiuxian nongye fazhan de lixing sikao[J]. Ningbo Newsreport, (19): 65-66.]
[18]	周飞舟, 王绍琛. 2015. 农民上楼与资本下乡: 城镇化的社会学研究[J]. 中国社会科学, (1): 66-83.
	[Zhou F Z, Wang S C.2015. Farmer moving upstairs and capital going down to the countryside: A sociological study of urbanization[J]. Social Sciences in China, (1): 66-83.]
[19]	周尚意. 2017. 四层一体: 发掘传统乡村地方性的方法[J]. 旅游学刊, 32(1): 6-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2017.01.004
	[Zhou S Y.2017. Four layers in one: The way to excavate the traditional rural locality[J]. Tourism Tribune, 32(1): 6-7.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2017.01.004
[20]	周尚意, 孔翔, 朱华晟等. 2016. 地方特性发掘方法: 对苏州东山的地理调查[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
	[Zhou S Y, Kong X, Zhu H S et al. 2016. Difangxing fajue fangfa: Dui Suzhou Dongshan de dili diaocha[M]. Beijing: Science Press.]
[21]	Agnew J.2001. The new global economy: Time-space compression, geopolitics, and global uneven development[J]. Journal of World-systems Research, 7(2): 133-154. doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2001.167
[22]	Banks J, Marsden T.1997. Reregulating the UK dairy industry: The changing nature of competitive space[J]. Sociologia Ruralis, 37(3): 382-404. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9523.1997.tb00057.x
[23]	Bascom J.2001. "Energizing" rural space: The representation of countryside culture as an economic development strategy[J]. Journal of Cultural Geography, 19(1): 53-73. doi: 10.1080/08873630109478297
[24]	Brunn S, Leinbach T.1991. Collapsing space and time: Geographic aspects of communications and information[M]. London: Harper Collins Academic.
[25]	Gleick J.1999. Faster: The acceleration of just about everything[M]. New York: Pantheon.
[26]	Goodwin W.2006. Regulation rurality: Rural studies and regulation approaches[M]//Clock P, Marsden T, Mooney P H. Handbook of rural studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage: 304-316.
[27]	Harvey D.1982. The limits to capital[M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
[28]	Harvey D.2006. Comment on commentaries[J]. Historical Materialism, 14(4): 157-166.
[29]	Ilbery B.1998. The geography of rural change[M]//Phillips M. Theoretical approaches to rural restructuring: Social perspectives. London: Longman: 42.
[30]	Long H L, Liu Y S, Li X B, et al.2010. Building new countryside in China: A geographical perspective[J]. Land Use Policy, 27(2): 457-470. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.06.006
[31]	Mahoney J G, Li X L.2009. A Marxist perspective on Chinese reforms: Interview with Jiexiong Yi[J]. Science & Society, 73(2): 177-192. doi: 10.1521/siso.2009.73.2.177
[32]	Marsden T, Murdoch J, Lowe P, et al.1993. Constructuring the countryside: An approach to rural development[M]. London: UCL Press: 1-2.
[33]	Massey D.2005. For space[M]. London: Sage.
[34]	Pemberton S, Goodwin M.2010. Rethinking the changing structures of rural local government-state power, rural politics and local political strategies?[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 26(3): 272-283. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2009.12.005
[35]	Poklad J.2017. Time-space compression in Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights[J]. Brontë Studies, 42(2): 100-108. doi: 10.1080/14748932.2017.1280935
[36]	Postone M.2010. Theorizing the contemporary world: Robert Brenner, Giovanni Arrighi, David Harvey[M]//Albritton R, Jessop B, Westra R. Political economy and global capitalism: The 21st century, present and future. London: Anthem Press: 7-23.
[37]	Smith M.2011. Against ecological sovereignty: Ethics, biopolitics, and saving the natural world[M]. Minneapolis, MN: The University of Minnesota Press.
[38]	Smith N.1990. Uneven development: Nature, capital, and the production of space[M]. London: The University of Georgia Press.
[39]	Sullivan D, Keefer L A, Stewart S A, et al.2016. Time-space distanciation: An interdisciplinary account of how culture shapes the implicit and explicit psychology of time and space[J]. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 46(4): 450-474. doi: 10.1111/jtsb.12103
[40]	Warf B.2011. Teaching time-space compression[J]. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 35(2): 143-161. doi: 10.1080/03098265.2010.523681
[41]	Woods M.2007. Engaging the global countryside: Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 31(4): 485-507. doi: 10.1177/0309132507079503
[42]	Woods M.2009. Rural geography: Blurring boundaries and making connections[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 33(6): 849-858. doi: 10.1177/0309132508105001
[43]	Woods M.2011. Rural[M]. New York: Routledge.
[44]	Yu S.2016. Short-term monasticism in contemporary Chinese society: A case study in Bailin Temple[D]. North Carolina: Duke University.