中国半城市化地区乡村聚落空间格局演化机制探索——以西安市南郊大学城康杜村为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2016.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

半城市化地区因其在社会、经济、景观等方面的过渡性、多样性和动态性,从而得到地理学、城乡规划学、生态学及社会学等多个学科学者的关注。本文重点研究城市化近域推进过程中半城市化地区城乡聚落的消长规律,探讨保留村落的空间格局演化特征及其动力机制。在综述半城市化地区和乡村聚落研究进展的基础上,以西安市南郊大学城康杜村为例,综合运用遥感影像解译、野外调查和统计分析等方法,对其近15年来的聚落空间格局及其演化机制进行研究。结果表明：康杜村在2001-2015年间共经历了4次建房高峰和2次显著的就业变迁,绝大多数原住民的房屋租赁始于2006年;原住民的就业变迁时间与主要的城市化时间节点高度一致;就业变迁与建房高峰之间呈现出“刺激—反馈”的系统演化特征。城市化近域推进的外部驱动和村庄原居民的自我调适是半城市化地区乡村聚落空间格局演化的主要动力。

关键词: 半城市化地区, 乡村聚落, 空间格局演化, 动力机制, 康杜村, 西安市

Abstract:

Peri-urban areas have been a focus of research by scholars from multiple disciplines including geography, urban and rural planning, ecology, and sociology due to their transitional, diverse, and dynamic characteristics in socioeconomic structure and landscape features. This study examined the change of urban and rural settlements in peri-urban areas during the process of urbanization and the spatial characteristics and mechanism of change of remaining villages. Based on the review of theoretical research on rural settlements in peri-urban areas and taking the Kangdu village in the college town of south Xi’an as an empirical case, this study explored the spatial pattern as well as the mechanism of the change by remote sensing imagery interpretation, field investigation, and statistical analysis. The results indicate that four periods of building construction boom and two significant shifts in employment occurred in the 15 years from 2001 to 2015. Most of the local residents started renting out their houses in 2006. We found a high correlation between the residents’ employment change and the key milestones of urbanization; and there was a clear “stimulation-feedback” mechanism between the change of employment and building boom. This study shows that the external driver of urbanization in close proximity and local residents’ adaptation were the main driving forces of change in rural settlements’ spatial pattern in peri-urban areas.

Key words: peri-urban area, rural settlement, change in spatial pattern, mechanism, Kangdu Village, Xi’an City

马恩朴, 李同昇, 卫倩茹. 中国半城市化地区乡村聚落空间格局演化机制探索——以西安市南郊大学城康杜村为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(7): 816-828.

Enpu MA, Tongsheng LI, Qianru WEI. Mechanism of change in spatial pattern of rural settlements in peri-urban areas of China:A case study of Kangdu Village in the college town of south Xi’an[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2016, 35(7): 816-828.

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土地利用类型	未征收土地									已征收土地
土地利用类型	宅基地		街巷用地	仓储用地	耕地	果园	疏林地	其他草地	空闲地	科教用地
面积/hm²	10.49	1.56	0.59	0.48	0.45	0.60	1.69	2.59		96.67
百分比/%	9.11	1.35	0.52	0.42	0.39	0.52	1.47	2.25		83.97

社会经济概况	户数/户	本地人口/人	外来人口/人	男：女	村民生计方式/%
社会经济概况	户数/户	本地人口/人	外来人口/人	男：女	房屋租赁	住宿餐饮	零售批发	单位上班	外出务工
数量	155	700	2450	102:100	58	13	10	7	12

建筑用途	居住	商住混合	商业	工业	环卫设施	废弃
数量/幢	261	75	25	9	1	3
比例/%	69.79	20.05	6.68	2.41	0.27	0.80

建筑层数	1层	2层	3层	4层	5层	6层
数量/幢	118	143	82	20	7	4
比例/%	31.55	38.24	21.92	5.35	1.87	1.07

业态类别	数量/个	业态类别	数量/个
餐馆	93	麻将馆	2
乐器行	1	五金超市	1
精品店	2	驾校	9
网吧	4	快递提货	2
学生超市	5	零售商店	14
舞蹈培训	2	理发店	11
淋浴	7	水果店	3
宾馆	28	眼镜店	1
饮品店	5	成人用品	1
健身房	1	洗衣房	2
化妆品店	2	彩票店	2
户外用品	2	创意体验	4
二手书店	1	教育培训	1
广告摄影	3	通讯服务	4
桌球棋牌	1	蔬菜店	2
艺术培训	1	打印店	1