鲁甸地震灾后重建的综合地理分析与对策研讨

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地震灾区是地表各圈层相互作用最剧烈、人地关系最紧张的区域。深入开展综合地理研究对于协调这一区域的人地关系,促进区域可持续发展有着重大的意义。本文首先对鲁甸灾前的资源环境特点与区域发展特征进行了评价和分析,发现该地区生态环境脆弱、人口密度大、贫困面广、生产生活对资源的依赖程度高、资源环境长期处于超载状态。进而,针对性地提出了尽早启动资源环境承载能力评价,科学制定重建规划,体制机制创新,以及开展整个青藏高原边缘地带及近邻地区的防灾减灾系统研究和整体规划等对策建议。

关键词: 地震灾区, 灾后重建, 综合地理分析, 对策, 鲁甸县, 云南省

Abstract:

Earthquake area has the most intense interactions between the various spheres of the earth surface and human-environment relationship is under great stress. In-depth comprehensive geographic study has significant implications for the coordination of the human-environment relationship and the promotion of regional sustainable development in such area. This paper analyzes the resource and environmental conditions and regional development of Ludian County before the earthquake. We found that this region has vulnerable ecological environment, high population density, widespread poverty, strong dependence of production and livelihood systems on natural resources, and the resources and environment have been chronically under stress. Accordingly, this paper proposes that an evaluation of the resources and environmental carrying capacity should be carried out imminently for the area, sound recovery and reconstruction plans should be made, regional sustainable development based on innovation of the system and institutions should be promoted, and systematic disaster prevention and reduction research and overall planning at the periphery and in the adjacent mountainous areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be initiated.

Key words: the earthquake area, post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction, comprehensive geographic analysis, coping strategy, Ludian County, Yunnan Province

中图分类号:

K909

樊杰, 王传胜, 汤青, 徐勇, 陈东. 鲁甸地震灾后重建的综合地理分析与对策研讨[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(8): 1011-1018.

Jie FAN, Chuansheng WANG, Qing TANG, Yong XU, Dong CHEN. Comprehensive geographic analysis and discussion on strategies for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Ludian, Yunnan Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2014, 33(8): 1011-1018.

图/表 6

图1

表1

重灾区鲁甸、巧家两县灾前资源环境及其压力状况评价指标"

指标	赋值	赋值标准与内涵
坡度	5	平均坡度>25°,坡度>25°的土地面积比重>50%
	4	平均坡度20°~25°,坡度>25°的土地面积比重占40%~50%
	3	平均坡度15°~20°,坡度15°~25°的土地面积比重>30%
	2	平均坡度10°~15°,坡度<15°的土地面积比重>50%
	1	平均坡度≤10°,坡度<15°的土地面积比重>50%
海拔高度	5	平均海拔>2400 m,>2400 m的土地面积比重>50%
	4	平均海拔2000~2400 m,>2400 m的土地比重为30%~50%,1600~2400 m土地比重>70%
	3	平均海拔1600~2000 m,1600~2400 m的土地比重为35%~70%,1100~1600 m土地比重>60%
	2	平均海拔1100~1600 m,≤1100 m的土地面积比重>50%
	1	平均海拔≤1100 m,≤1100 m的土地面积比重>50%
植被盖度	5	有林地面积比重≤10%,林地面积比重≤55%
	4	有林地面积比重≤55%,林地面积比重≤70%
	3	有林地面积比重≤10%,林地面积比重>70%
	2	有林地面积比重>55%,林地面积比重>70%
石漠化	4	石漠化分布乡镇
石漠化	1	其他地区
人口压力	5	人口密度>500人/km²;人口密度250~500人/km²(高坡度区);人口密度150~250人/km²(高坡度和高海拔区)
	4	人口密度250~500人/km²;人口密度150~250人/km²(高坡度区);人口密度100~150人/km²(高坡度和高海拔区)
	3	人口密度150~250人/km²;人口密度100~150人/km²(高坡度区);人口密度<100人/km²(高坡度和高海拔区)
	2	人口密度100~150人/km²;人口密度<100人/km²(高坡度区)
	1	人口密度<100人/km²
耕垦压力	5	垦殖指数在40%以上;垦殖指数在20%~40%之间(高坡度区)
	4	垦殖指数在在20%~40%之间;垦殖指数在10%~20%之间(高坡度区)
	3	垦殖指数在在10%~20%之间;垦殖指数在5%~10%之间(高坡度和高海拔区)
	2	垦殖指数在5%~10%之间;垦殖指数在0.5%~5%之间(高坡度和高海拔区)
	1	垦殖指数在0.5%以下;垦殖指数在5%以下(低缓坡度区)

表1

图2

图3

表2

图4

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行政单元	城镇化率/%	人口密度/(人/km²)	人均GDP/元	城镇居民人均可支配收入/元	农村居民人均纯收入/元
鲁甸县	18.5	277	9737	18025	4273
昭通市	26.2	232	11881	18724	4604
云南省	39.3	120	25083	23236	6141
全国	53.7	141	41805	26955	8896