新疆天池景区生态安全度时空分异特征与驱动机制

doi:10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.03.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究基于2000、2010年新疆天池风景名胜区的TM遥感影像、2000-2010年新疆统计年鉴、野外实地调查等数据,构建研究区的景观生态安全度,采用ESDA、半变异函数空间分析、逐步回归等方法,分析各样点景观生态安全度的时空演变特征,探讨导致格局演变的驱动机制。结果表明:① 2000-2010年,高景观生态安全度范围由南向北转移;中景观生态安全度区域由南北向中部集中;低景观生态安全度呈现由南向北扩散的趋势。② 景观生态安全度全局空间自相关较显著,随时间演变,空间集聚水平降低;局域空间自相关呈现集群分布向随机分布转变的趋势。③ 变程范围内,景观生态安全度值的各向异性与弱空间相关性特点是结构性因素和随机性因素综合作用的结果。④ 经度、纬度、海拔因子对景观生态安全度的影响显著;放牧、旅游以及政策活动影响景观生态安全度中小尺度格局,对景观生态安全度的演变有重要影响。

关键词: 驱动机制, 生态安全度, 时空分异, 新疆天池风景名胜区

Abstract: The Tianchi scenic zone of Xinjiang, one of Xinjiang Tianshan Mountain's world natural heritage sites, contains well-preserved natural landscapes. Landscape ecological security is an important environmental protection indicator. In this article, gridded spatial models for the degrees of landscape ecological security in the scenic zone are constructed based on TM images from 2000 to 2010, almanacs of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2010 and the data of field survey. By using ESDA and semi-variogram for spatial analysis, and the stepwise regression methods, the characteristics and the driving forces of the evolvement of temporal-spatial differences among the individual quadrats are analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) During 2000-2010, the areas with high degrees of landscape ecological security shifted from south to north; the areas with medium degrees shifted to the center from the south and north; the areas with low degrees showed a trend of expanding from south to north. (2) From 2000 to 2010, Moran's I reflected positive spatial autocorrelation of landscape ecological security, but the level of spatial concentration decreased and was unstable with time. The local indicators of spatial association showed that the degrees of landscape ecological security exhibited a trend of change from a clustered to a random distributed pattern. (3) Within the variation range, the value of landscape ecological security exhibited anisotropy and weak spatial correlation features, as a result of combined effects of structural and stochastic factors. (4) The longitude, latitude and altitude significantly affected the degree of landscape ecological security. In small and medium landscape scales, grazing, tourism, and policy activities had major impacts on the evolvement of the landscape ecological security.

Key words: degree of ecological security, driving mechanism, spatial-temporal differences, Tianchi scenic zone of Xinjiang

时卉, 杨兆萍, 韩芳, 石天戈, 栾福明. 新疆天池景区生态安全度时空分异特征与驱动机制[J]. 地理科学进展, 2013, 32(3): 475-485.

SHI Hui, YANG Zhaoping, HAN Fang, SHI Tiange, LUAN Fuming. Characteristics of temporal-spatial differences in landscape ecological security and the driving mechanism in Tianchi scenic zone of Xinjiang[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2013, 32(3): 475-485.

参考文献

[1] Chen X, Zhou C H. 2005. Review of the studies on ecological security. Progress in Geography, 24(6): 8-20. [陈星, 周成虎. 2005. 生态安全: 国内外研究综述. 地理科学进展, 24(6): 8-20.]
[2] Chen X. 2010. Physical geography of arid land in China. Beijing, China: Science Press. [陈曦. 2010. 中国干旱区自然地理. 北京: 科学出版社.]
[3] Dator J. 2006. From resource scarcity to ecological security: Exploring new limits to growth. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 73(8): 1051-1056.
[4] Gao Y, Huang H M, Wu Z F. 2010. Landscape ecological security assessment based on projection pursuit: A case study of nine cities in the Pearl River Delta. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(21): 5894-5903. [高杨, 黄华梅, 吴志峰. 2010. 基于投影寻踪的珠江三角洲景观生态安全评价. 生态学报, 30 (21): 5894-5903.]
[5] Gong J Z, Xia B C, Liu Y S. 2010. Study on spatial-temporal heterogeneities of urban ecological security of Guangzhou based on spatial statistics. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30 (20): 5626-5634. [龚建周, 夏北成, 刘彦随. 2010. 基于空间统计学方法的广州市生态安全空间异质性研究. 生态学报, 30(20): 5626-5634.]
[6] Guo L, Xue D Y, Yu S X, et al. 2008. Assessment and dynamic analysis of landscape ecological security of Taishan Mountain. Journal of Mountain Science, 26(3): 331-338. [郭泺, 薛达元, 余世孝, 等. 2008. 泰山景观生态安全动态分析与评价. 山地学报, 26(3): 331-338.]
[7] Guo M, Xiao D N, Li X. 2006. Changes of landscape pattern between 1986 and 2000 in Jiuquan oasis, Heihe River Basin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(2): 457-466. [郭明, 肖笃宁, 李新. 2006. 黑河流域酒泉绿洲景观生态安全格局分析.生态学报, 26(2): 457-466.]
[8] Han F, Yang Z P, Liu X Y, et al. 2011. Impact assessment and protection of outstanding landscape integrity in a natural heritage site: Fairy Valley, Kanas Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Mountain Science, 8(1): 46-52.
[9] Li X Y, Zhang S W. 2005. Analysis on the dynamic trend of ecological security in the west part of Jilin Province, China based on the landscape structure. Arid Zone Research, 22(1): 57-62. [李晓燕, 张树文. 2005. 基于景观结构的吉林西部生态安全动态分析. 干旱区研究, 22(1): 57-62.]
[10] Li Y C. 2008. The dynamic changes of ecological security in northern China. Geographical Research, 27(5): 1150-1160. [李月臣. 2008. 中国北方13 省市区生态安全动态变化分析. 地理研究, 27(5): 1150-1160.]
[11] Lin J, Song G, Song S M. 2011. Research on dynamic changes of landscape structure and land use eco-security: A case study of Jiansanjiang land reclamation area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(20): 5918-5927. [ 林佳, 宋戈, 宋思铭. 2011. 景观结构动态变化及其土地利用生态安全: 以建三江垦区为例. 生态学报, 31(20): 5918-5927.]
[12] Liu Y, Meng J J, Zhu L K. 2010. Progress in the research on regional ecological security pattern. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(24): 6980-6989. [刘洋, 蒙吉军, 朱利凯. 2010. 区域生态安全格局研究进展. 生态学报, 30(24): 6980-6989.]
[13] Luo G P, Zhou C H, Chen X. 2005. Human-induced spatio- temporal changes of oasis through landscape pattern analysis: A case study of oasis in the Sangong River. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25(9): 2197-2205. [罗格平, 周成虎, 陈曦. 2005. 从景观格局分析人为驱动的绿洲时空变化: 以天山北坡三工河流域绿洲为例. 生态学报, 25(9): 2197-2205.]
[14] Peng J, Wu J S, Pan Y J, et al. 2012. Evaluation for regional ecological sustainability based on psr model: Conceptual framework. Progress in Geography, 31(7): 933-940. [ 彭建, 吴健生, 潘雅婧, 等. 2012. 基于PSR模型的区域生态持续性评价概念框架. 地理科学进展, 31(7): 933-940.]
[15] Qiu P H, Xu S J, Xie G Z, et al. 2007. Analysis on the ecological vulnerability of the western Hainan Island based on its landscape pattern and ecosystem sensitivity. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(4): 1257-1264. [邱彭华, 徐颂军, 谢跟踪, 等. 2007. 基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析. 生态学报, 27(4): 1257-1264.]
[16] Rogers K S.1997.Ecological security and multinational corporations. Environmental Change and Security Project Report, (3):29-36.
[17] Sun Q Q, Song G, Qi M L. 2012. Analysis of land ecological safety evaluation of Harbin City based on principal component analysis. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 19(1): 234-238. [孙奇奇, 宋戈, 齐美玲. 2012. 基于主成分分析的哈尔滨市土地生态安全评价. 水土保持研究, 19(1): 234-238.]
[18] Wang B L, Zhang X L. 2010. The contribution of highway traffic infrastructure construction to economic growth in Xinjiang based on I-O and ESDA. Acta Geographica Sinica, 65(12): 1522-1533. [王伯礼, 张小雷. 2010. 新疆公路交通基础设施建设对经济增长的贡献分析. 地理学报, 65(12): 1522-1533.]
[19] Wang G, Gao H J, Gao X L, et al. 2010. An evaluation of ecological security of mineral-rich cities based on danger factors. Resources Science, 32(2): 331-337. [王耕, 高红娟, 高香玲, 等. 2010. 基于隐患因素的矿业城市生态安全评价研究: 以辽宁省为例. 资源科学, 32(2): 331-337.]
[20] Wang J, Zhang X L, Du H R. 2011. Spatial pattern evolvement and characteristics of the economy in Xinjiang at the county level. Progress in Geography, 30(4): 471-478. [王静, 张小雷, 杜宏茹. 2011. 新疆县域经济空间格局演化特征. 地理科学进展, 30(4): 471-478.]
[21] Xiu L N. 2011. Evaluating on regional land ecological security based on OWA-GIS[D]. Beijing, China: China University of Geoscience(Beijing). [ 修丽娜. 2011. 基于 OWA-GIS 的区域土地生态安全评价研究[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京).]
[22] Xu H, Lei G P, Cui D P, et al. 2011. Study on evaluation for ecological security of cultivated land: A case study of Ning'an City in Heilongjiang Province. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 18(6): 180-189. [徐辉, 雷国平, 崔登攀, 等. 2011. 耕地生态安全评价研究: 以黑龙江省宁安市为例. 水土保持研究, 18(6): 180-189.]
[23] Yang L, Lv Y, Zheng H Y. 2010. Review on research of urban land carrying capacity. Progress in Geography, 29(5): 593-600. [杨亮, 吕耀, 郑华玉. 2010. 城市土地承载力研究进展. 地理科学进展, 29(5): 593-600.]
[24] Yang Y, Niu J M, Zhang Q, et al. 2011. Ecological footprint analysis of a semi-arid grassland region facilitates assessment of its ecological carrying capacity: A case study of Xilinguole League. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(17): 5096-5104. [杨艳, 牛建明, 张庆, 等. 2011. 基于生态足迹的半干旱草原区生态承载力与可持续发展研究: 以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟为例. 生态学报, 31(17): 5096-5104.]
[25] Yao R J, Yang J S, Liu G M. 2006. Spatial variability of soil salinity and moisture and their estimations by cokriging method: A case study in characteristic field of Yellow River Delta. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 20(5): 133-138. [姚荣江, 杨劲松, 刘光明. 2006. 土壤盐分和含水量的空间变异性及其CoKriging估值: 以黄河三角洲地区典型地块为例. 水土保持学报, 20(5): 133-138.]
[26] You W B, He D J, Wu L Y, et al. 2011. Temporal-spatial differentiation and its change in the landscape ecological security of Wuyishan Scenery District. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(21): 6318-6327. [游巍斌, 何东进, 巫丽芸, 等. 2011. 武夷山风景名胜区景观生态安全度时空分异规律. 生态学报, 31(21): 6318-6327.]
[27] You W B, He D J, Wu L Y, et al. 2012. Spatial-temporal variation of landscape service value and its correlation with ambient environmental factors in mountain resorts: A case study of Wuyishan Scenery District. Journal of Mountain Science, 30(1): 113-120. [游巍斌, 何东进, 巫丽芸, 等. 2012. 山岳旅游地生态服务价值时空分异及其与环境因子关系: 以武夷山风景名胜区为例. 山地学报, 30(1): 113-120.]
[28] Yu K J. 1999. Landscape ecological security patterns in biological conservation. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 19(1): 8-15. [俞孔坚. 1999. 生物保护的景观生态安全格局. 生态学报, 19(1): 8-15.]
[29] Yu K J, Li H L, Li D H, et al. 2009. National scale ecological security pattern. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29(10): 5163-5175. [俞孔坚, 李海龙, 李迪华, 等. 2009. 国土尺度生态安全格局. 生态学报, 29(10): 5163-5175.]
[30] Zeng H, Gao Q H, Chen X, et al. 2010. Changes of the wetland landscape in Shenzhen City from 1988 to 2007 and the driving force analysis. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(10): 2706-2714. [ 曾辉, 高启辉, 陈雪, 等. 2010. 深圳市 1988-2007 年间湿地景观动态变化及成因分析. 生态学报, 30(10): 2706-2714.]
[31] Zhang H L. 2011. Study on evaluation and optimization of agricultural land use in XPCC based on ecological security [D]. Shihezi, China: Shihezi University. [张红丽. 2011. 基于生态安全的新疆兵团农地利用评价及优化研究[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学.]
[32] Zhang Q, Xue H F, Zhang M J, et al. 2010. Early-warning model based on extension analysis for ecological security and its application: Case study of Shaanxi Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 30(16): 4277-4286. [张强, 薛惠锋, 张明军, 等. 2010. 基于可拓分析的区域生态安全预警模型及应用: 以陕西省为例. 生态学报, 30(16):4277-4286.]
[33] Zhang X F, Wang R S, Li Z G, et al. 2011. Comprehensive assessment of urban ecological risks: The case of Huaibei City. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(20): 6204-6214. [张小飞, 王如松, 李正国, 等. 2011. 城市综合生态风险评价: 以淮北市城区为例. 生态学报, 31(20): 6204-6214.]
[34] Zhang X N, Wang K L, Zhang W, et al. 2009. The quantitative assessment of eco-environment vulnerability in karst regions of Northwest Guangxi. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29 (2): 749-757. [张笑楠, 王克林, 张伟, 等. 2009. 桂西北喀斯特区域生态环境脆弱性研究. 生态学报, 29(2): 749-757.]
[35] Zhang Y L. 2011. Research on ecological security synthetic assessment of Minqin [D]. Beijing, China: Beijing Forestry University. [张艳丽. 2011. 民勤县生态安全综合评价研究[D]. 北京: 北京林业大学.]
[36] Zhao H X, Wu S H, Jiang L G. 2007. Review on recent advances in ecological threshold research. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(1): 338-345. [赵慧霞, 吴绍洪, 姜鲁光. 2007. 生态阈值研究进展. 生态学报, 27(1): 338-345.]
[37] Zhao Y Z, Zou X Y, Cheng H, et al. 2006. Assessing the ecological security of the Tibetan plateau: Methodology and a case study for Lhaze County. Journal of Environmental Management, 80(2): 120-131.
[38] Zhou D C, Luo G P, Han Q F, et al. 2012. Impacts of grazing and climate change on the aboveground net primary productivity of mountainous grassland ecosystems along altitudinal gradients over the Northern Tianshan Mountains, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 32(1): 81-92. [周德成, 罗格平, 韩其飞, 等. 2012. 天山北坡不同海拔梯度山地草原生态系统地上净初级生产力对气候变化及放牧的响应. 生态学报, 32(1): 81-92.]
[39] Zhou G F. 2003. Ecological security and study on ecological security.Journal of Guizhou Normal University: Natural Science, (3): 105-108. [周国富. 生态安全与生态安全研究. 2003. 贵州师范大学学报: 自然科学版, (3): 105-108.]
[40] Zhou N X, Huang Z F, Lin Z S. 2008. Changes in landscape spatial pattern inWulingyuan world heritage site as a tourism destination. Geographical Research, 27(4): 735-744. [周年兴, 黄震方, 林振山. 2008. 武陵源世界自然遗产旅游地景观格局变化. 地理研究, 27(4): 735-744.]