地理科学进展

地理科学进展 ›› 2013, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1444-1453.doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.10.002

• GIS与遥感应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

计算机实验人文地理学的理论构建及应用——以城市居住区位选择为例

王铮1,2, 翟石艳3,4   

  1. 1. 中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所, 北京 100190;
    2. 华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室, 上海 200062;
    3. 河南大学环境与规划学院, 开封 475004;
    4. 河南大学黄河中下游数字地理技术实验室, 开封 475004
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-01 修回日期:2013-07-01 出版日期:2013-10-25 发布日期:2013-10-24
  • 作者简介:王铮(1954- ),男,博士,教授,主要从事计算地理学、计算经济学研究。E-mail: wangzheng@casipm.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB955800);国家基础性工作专项项目(2007FY140800-4)。

Theoretical framework and application of computer-aided experimental human geography： Case study of urban residential location choice

WANG Zheng1,2, ZHAI Shiyan3,4   

  1. 1. Institute of Policy and Management, CAS, Beijing 100190, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
    3. College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
    4. Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
  • Received:2013-04-01 Revised:2013-07-01 Online:2013-10-25 Published:2013-10-24

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摘要： 本文探讨了正在发展中的计算机实验人文地理学的基本理论建构,并提出将其作为地理学的一种方法论进行发展。首先对实验人文地理学的概念范畴、实验原则、技术路线进行界定,其中实验原则包括价值诱导原则、响应博弈原则、实验可控原则、结论统计原则、地理逼近原则、实验封装原则等。然后基于实验人文地理学的研究框架,以城市居民居住区位选择为例,展开实证研究,其初步结论为:① 在居住区位选择过程中,城市居住空间结构的差异并未对被试者的选择产生显著影响;② 在两种典型城市空间结构下,被试者均表现出对居住区周边交通和学校因素最为关注;③ 房价因素对被试者居住区位选择的影响并不明显,并没有引发被试者向某一特定区域集聚的现象。案例研究证实了在GIS 和计算机技术构建的地理结构环境中,以实验内容为前制度框架,通过可控制的实验环境,可以有效地模拟人类决策行为,进而研究人地关系。

关键词: 地理信息科学, 方法论, 居住区位选择, 实验人文地理学

Abstract: This paper describes the concept of computer-aided experimental human geography, which has been proposed as a methodology in geography. Experimental human geography is defined as a geographical methodology to reproduce human geographical phenomenon experimentally by means of computer sciences and GIS technologies. Its academic function is to study human-environment relationship under explicit geographic structure, implicit characteristics of human behavior, and explicit and implicit environment information. Accordingly, the paper has discussed the scope, principles and technical roadmaps of experimental human geography. In comparison to experimental economics, the paper has found that, in principle, many methods and rules of experimental economics are still effective in experimental human geography, but experimental human geography is more concerned about approaching natural processes simulation of geographic environment. Therefore, certain pre-designed models and special algorithms are necessary for experimental human geography. The experimental human geography rules include "value-induced" principle, "response-game" principle, "experimental control" principle, "statistics-based conclusion" principle, "geographical approximation" principle, and "experimental packaging" principle. Using the methodology of computer-aided experimental human geography, this paper studies the urban residential location choices, with two study objectives: (1) When the layout of urban infrastructure changes, what factors affect the dependence of the subjects on the city center, the reasons for destroying this dependence. (2) Whether the two different urban spatial structures, Burgess Model case and Hoyt Model case, would affect differently when the subjects were asked to choose a residential location. Based on the experiment objectives, the author made five experiment assumptions: urban space layout, residential location, residential location price, job location, incentive mechanisms. And the results are as follows: (1) Differences in urban residential space structures didn't have significant impact on residential location choices of the subjects. (2) In the case of the two typical urban spatial structures, the subjects were more concerned about traffic condition and school district around a residential location when asked to choose. (3) The price factor was not an obvious impact on the residential location choices, which might be the reason that not too many subjects accumulate in a particular area. This case study has shown that the thought and means of computer-aided experimental human geography are feasible. In other words, it is feasible to study the characteristics of human behaviors, such as decision-making behavior, in a controlled experimental environment with clear and realistic geographical structures and designed experimental contents based on GIS and computer technology. In short, this paper tries to develop a basic scientific framework for computer-aided experimental human geography, and much more remains to be done in the future.

Key words: experimental human geography, geo-information science, methodology, residential location choice