社会—生态系统结构研究进展与网络化探索

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.015

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 2383-2395.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.015

社会—生态系统结构研究进展与网络化探索

王凯歌¹(), 郑慧慧¹, 徐艳¹^,²^,^*(), 张凤荣¹^,²

1.中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院，北京 100193
2.自然资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室，北京 100193

收稿日期:2022-04-26 修回日期:2022-06-20 出版日期:2022-12-28 发布日期:2022-12-31
通讯作者: *徐艳(1977— )，女，新疆乌鲁木齐人，副教授，研究方向为土地可持续利用。E-mail: xyan@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:王凯歌(1998— )，男，河南新乡人，博士生，中国地理学会学生会员(S110014586A)，研究方向为土地可持续利用。E-mail: 18837157838@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41301614);科技部第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0202)

Research progress of social-ecological system structure and networking exploration

WANG Kaige¹(), ZHENG Huihui¹, XU Yan¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Fengrong¹^,²

1. College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2022-04-26 Revised:2022-06-20 Online:2022-12-28 Published:2022-12-31
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41301614);The Third Xinjiang Comprehensive Scientific Expedition Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2021xjkk0202)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

论文运用文献调研法与归纳推理法重点梳理社会—生态系统结构的类型、特征与发展趋向，并开展网络化建模的新探索，旨在归纳社会—生态系统研究热点。综述表明，社会—生态系统研究涵盖状态、过程和响应3个基本面，状态层面的结构研究揭示了社会—生态系统结构特征与要素间作用机理，并形成了“层次式”“综合交互式”“平衡式”“协同式”“点轴网络式”“开放空间式”6种基本结构类型，但仍需引入新的结构建模思想拓宽这一方向的研究路径。论文探索性地提出了社会—生态系统六边形循环网络结构，阐明社会—生态系统是由双链嵌套循环运转的网络结构，系统性地回答了“社会—生态系统由哪些要素构成、要素之间呈现怎样的关联特征，最终形成的系统结构运行原理如何”3个基本问题。六边形循环网络遵循“点—线—网格—网络”的建模过程以及要素流组网嵌套循环原理，启示实现可持续发展应协调好社会与生态子系统之间的平衡关系。面对人地关系问题更加综合化、复杂化以及不确定性增强等趋势，论文认为社会—生态系统结构研究未来应在理论、方法和应用3个方面突破，理论上增强多学科理论融合与支撑，方法上增强多类型建模互鉴与创新，应用上增强多领域服务拓展与推广。

关键词: 人地关系, 社会—生态系统结构, 研究进展, 网络化

Abstract:

This study summarized the core research problems of social-ecological systems, focusing on the types, characteristics, and development trend of social-ecological system structure, with novel explorations of network modeling. Social-ecological system research covers three fundamental aspects of state, process, and response. The structural research at the state level has revealed the structural characteristics of the social-ecological systems and the interaction mechanism between elements, and has formed six basic structural types, including hierarchical, comprehensive interactive, balanced, collaborative, axial network, and open space, but it is still necessary to introduce new structural modeling ideas to broaden the research path in this direction. This study exploratively proposed the hexagonal circular network structure, clarified that the social-ecological system is a network structure operated by a double-chain nested cycle, and systematically answered the questions of what elements constitute the social-ecological system; what are the related characteristics between them; and what is the operation principle of the final system structure. In this article, the basic elements of a social-ecological system are summarized into six elements: population, capital, facility, management, resource, and environment, which are connected by the basic material circulation chain and the basic social production chain. It also tentatively put forward the hexagonal circular network structure of social-ecological systems, and expounded that social-ecological system is a network structure operated by double chain nested cycle. The structural modeling of social-ecological system is related to the basic attributes and architecture of the system. The hexagonal circular network follows the modeling process of point-line-grid-network and the principle of element flow network nested cycle, which suggests that the realization of sustainable development should be based on the balance between social and ecological subsystems. With the increasingly more comprehensive, complex, and uncertain relationship between human and the environment, this study maintained that the research on social-ecological system structure should make breakthroughs in three aspects in the future: theory, method, and application. It is necessary to strengthen the integration and support of multi-disciplinary theories, the mutual learning and innovation of multi-type modeling in method, and the expansion and promotion of multi-domain services in application.

Key words: human-environment relationship, social-ecological system structure, research progress, networking

王凯歌, 郑慧慧, 徐艳, 张凤荣. 社会—生态系统结构研究进展与网络化探索[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(12): 2383-2395.

WANG Kaige, ZHENG Huihui, XU Yan, ZHANG Fengrong. Research progress of social-ecological system structure and networking exploration[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(12): 2383-2395.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

表1

社会—生态系统基本结构类型概述

类型	特点	典型图式	应用领域
层次式	实现了对人地系统从空间层次的逐层剥离，较好地表现出各层次之间的连通性与尺度异质性，但对层次间的互馈作用阐述较粗略，没有划分具体要素	引自文献[56]，2009年提出	土地利用变化的多尺度模拟、多尺度景观规划、全球变化的尺度效应、碳排放的跨尺度效应^[60-61]
综合交互式	结合层次性，易于分解指标，为构建评价指标体系提供框架基础；要素间关系过于复杂或简化，展示性强而说理性弱	引自文献[62]，2009年提出	自然资源管理多部门联动、可持续发展评价体系构建、碳排放的综合影响因素分析^[66]
平衡式	阐明人地系统基本构架与均衡关系，同时融入了资源环境承载力思想；人类与环境子系统内部的表述较为粗略，并没有将子系统细化到要素层面	引自文献[67]，2011年提出	自然资源与服务(水、能源、粮食、生态系统服务等)供需平衡与界限分析、系统韧性分析、资源环境承载力评价、碳排放源汇分析^[68-69]
协同式	其亮点在于将社会和生物物质模块之间的互馈作用与中间过程进行了较为细致的归纳，但是系统要素划分层次不一致，适于描述但难于量化	引自文献[70]，2011年提出	土地利用/覆被变化驱动机制分析、生态足迹分析、系统变化驱动机制、碳排放的生态环境效应与社会治理效应^[71-72]
点轴网络式	清晰展示要素或不同主体间关联，易于分析要素间互馈过程与整体关系；需注重引入尺度效应，并实现定量化建模	引自文献[73]，2017年提出	自然资源跨区域治理与协作、远程耦合机制与效应分析、供应链管理、系统韧性分析、碳排放多主体协同治理与跨区域合作^[76-77]
开放空间式	统筹系统开放性和尺度差异性，提出从时间、空间、组织和表象维度研究人地系统耦合“魔方”；量化与建模难度大	引自文献[78]，2019年提出	重要社会—生态过程（城镇化、气候变化、沙漠化等）的多维度分析框架构建与响应、国土空间规划、系统风险评价、碳排放的时滞效应与区域耦合效应^[69,78]

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

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社会—生态系统结构研究进展与网络化探索

Research progress of social-ecological system structure and networking exploration

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