从实时定位、环境监测到神经生理：行为地理学技术发展前沿

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

方法与技术的前沿性是行为地理学的学科特色，技术视角的学科梳理有助于认识行为地理的自身价值与优势。论文回顾了实时定位、环境监测与神经生理3项技术的发展脉络，围绕行为背景、行为环境、行为体验的技术应用进行了综述，并总结了空间—行为互动、地理背景不确定性、批判神经地理的理论推进与批判反思；进一步构建了融合动态背景—精细环境—实时体验的全面技术框架，形成了从背景到环境再到体验的行为地理综合研究体系，并提出了神经生理技术融入行为地理学研究的理论提升方向。论文旨在贡献地理流动性背景下的行为地理学创新路径，服务于行为地理学的知识生产与理论发展。

关键词: 行为地理学, 心理学, 神经科学, 空间—行为互动, 地理流动性

Abstract:

Behavioral geography aims to discuss the interaction between human behavior and space. Its key characteristics are cutting-edge methods and technologies. Examining its development from the perspective of technology could help understand the values and advantages of behavioral geography. This article reviewed the development of three technologies, including real-time positioning, environmental monitoring, and neurophysiology. As the basis of spatial-temporal behavior measurements, real-time positioning technology is a key way to obtain individual behavior data with high-precision temporal and spatial information. Environmental monitoring technology measures environmental characteristics, such as air or noise pollution, in specific time and space that individuals encounter, which deepens the understandings of individual micro-space. Neurophysiological technology focuses on the importance of individual cognitive process and emotional feedback and depicts physiological processes and measures subjective experiences in individual behavioral process. The article summarized technical applications of behavioral background, behavioral environment, and behavioral experience in transportation, public health, and tourism. It also presented theoretical debates on space-behavior interaction, uncertain geographic context, and critical neurogeography. The space-behavior interaction theory enriches empirical studies and theoretical verifications, and provides a basic research framework for objective environment and subjective experience. The uncertain geographic context problem has been expanded with the assistance of environmental monitoring technology. Critical neurogeography promotes research on the integration of behavior, environment, and human bodies in specific space and time. Combining the three technologies, this article further highlighted the importance of behavioral experience in behavioral process. Subjective experience constructs a comprehensive technical framework integrating dynamic background, micro-space environment, and real-time experience. This article built a behavioral geographical paradigm from the perspective of technology. Finally, the theoretical direction of integrating neurophysiological technology into behavioral geography research is proposed from the perspective of discipline integration, method application, and topic expansion. This study aimed to contribute to innovative path of behavioral geography in the context of geographical mobility, and promote knowledge production and theoretical development of behavioral geography.

Key words: behavioral geography, psychology, neuroscience, space-behavior interaction, geographic mobility

赵莹, 刘方宇. 从实时定位、环境监测到神经生理：行为地理学技术发展前沿[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(12): 2370-2382.

ZHAO Ying, LIU Fangyu. From real-time positioning, environmental monitoring to neurophysiological technologies: Advances in technology of behavioral geography[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(12): 2370-2382.

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观测对象	代表技术	数据形式	应用方向	行为地理应用主题
眼球	眼动仪	眼动时间、眼动方向与距离、瞳孔大小等指标	情感与认知状态分析、行为决策过程分析	空间认知与学习、环境感知评价
皮肤	皮电	皮肤电导水平、皮肤电导反应	情感与认知状态分析	环境暴露、精神健康与活动情感分析
大脑	脑电、磁共振成像、功能性近红外光谱	大脑图像	认知过程分析	环境感知与情感评价