传统村落人居环境有机更新的基本逻辑：一个分析框架

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.013

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (12): 2356-2369.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.12.013

传统村落人居环境有机更新的基本逻辑：一个分析框架

李伯华¹^,²^,³(), 刘兴月², 杨馥端², 窦银娣²^,³

1.传统村镇文化数字化保护与创意利用技术国家地方联合工程实验室，湖南衡阳 421002
2.衡阳师范学院地理与旅游学院，湖南衡阳 421002
3.湖南省人居环境学研究基地，湖南衡阳 421002

收稿日期:2022-04-27 修回日期:2022-08-25 出版日期:2022-12-28 发布日期:2022-12-31
作者简介:李伯华(1979— )，男，湖北黄冈人，教授，硕士生导师，主要从事人居环境学研究。E-mail: libeny_2058@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42171215);国家自然科学基金项目(42271215);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30062);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ30100);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(20B085);传统村镇文化数字化保护与创意利用技术国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金项目(2021HSKFJJ014)

Basic logic of the organic renewal of human settlement environment in traditional villages: A analytical framework

LI Bohua¹^,²^,³(), LIU Xingyue², Yang Fuduan², Dou Yindi²^,³

1. National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory on Digital Preservation and Innovative Technologies for the Culture of Traditional Villages and Towns, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
2. College of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
3. Research Establishment for Human Settlement, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China

Received:2022-04-27 Revised:2022-08-25 Online:2022-12-28 Published:2022-12-31
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171215);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271215);Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ30062);Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30100);Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province for Outstanding Young People(20B085);Open Fund Project of National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory on Digital Preservation and Innovative Technologies for the Culture of Traditional Villages and Towns(2021HSKFJJ014)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在乡村振兴战略全面实施背景下，传统村落人居环境的发展问题逐渐成为了研究的热点。论文基于有机更新理论，从更新目标、对象、主体、空间、时序和方式等角度，系统梳理了传统村落有机更新的基本逻辑。研究认为：① 有机更新目标是致力于解决功能需求与秩序保护之间的矛盾，促进局部和整体、当前和未来、功能需求和文化传承的辩证统一；② 有机更新对象即有机秩序和传统功能，其中显性基因和隐性基因是有机秩序修复的关键落脚点，点域功能和面域功能是传统功能转型的重要发力点；③ 有机更新主体是利益相关者构成的更新共同体，主要包括村民、政府、企业和科研院所等；④ 有机更新空间是基于更新重点不同而形成的圈层式空间结构；⑤ 有机更新时序遵循着远期的更新干预强度循环规律，近期的串并联渐进式更新流程；⑥ 有机更新方式强调了从精准判定、精准修复和精准施策等3个步骤出发，构建具体实施路径。论文进一步从“战略目标层—实体认知层—有机策略层”视角，构建了传统村落人居环境有机更新的分析框架，为中国传统村落人居环境更新工作提供理论支撑和决策依据。

关键词: 传统村落, 人居环境, 有机更新, 基本逻辑, 分析框架

Abstract:

In the context of the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, the development of traditional village human settlement environment has gradually become a hotspot of academic research. Based on the organic renewal theory and from the perspectives of renewal goals, objects, subjects, space, timing, and methods, this study systematically examined the basic logic of the organic renewal of traditional villages. The study found that: 1) The goal of organic renewal is to solve the conflict between functional requirements and order protection, and to promote the dialectical unity of the parts and the whole, the present and the future, and functional needs and cultural heritage. 2) The objects of organic renewal are organic order and traditional functions. Among them, dominant genes and recessive genes are the key footholds for the repair of organic order. Site function and areal function are important focuses for the transformation of traditional functions. 3) The main subjects of organic renewal is the renewal community composed of stakeholders, mainly including local residents, governments, enterprises, and scientific research institutions. 4) The space of organic renewal has a zonal spatial structure formed based on the different emphases of renewal. 5) The sequence of organic renewal follows the long-term upgrading intervention intensity cycle, and the short-term serial-parallel progressive upgrading process. 6) The method of organic renewal emphasizes the construction of a specific implementation path through the three steps of precise determination, precise repair, and precise policy implementation. Further, this study constructed an analytical framework for the organic renewal of human settlement in traditional villages from the perspective of strategic target layer-entity cognition layer-organic strategy layer, to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for the renewal of human settlement environment in Chinese traditional villages.

Key words: traditional village, human settlement environment, organic renewal, basic logic, analytical framework

李伯华, 刘兴月, 杨馥端, 窦银娣. 传统村落人居环境有机更新的基本逻辑：一个分析框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(12): 2356-2369.

LI Bohua, LIU Xingyue, Yang Fuduan, Dou Yindi. Basic logic of the organic renewal of human settlement environment in traditional villages: A analytical framework[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(12): 2356-2369.

图/表 8

图1

表1

传统村落人居环境有机更新的对象与重点

属性	类别	因子	指标	具体更新对象或其物质载体
有机秩序	显性基因 (以杨家沟村为例^[42])	民居建筑特征	屋顶、山墙、屋脸、院落平面、装饰和材质等	平屋顶、口字形山墙、厢窑式窑洞四合院型院落平面等
		公共空间特征	公共建筑特征、公共开放空间特征	扶风寨戏台、毛主席旧居、转战陕北纪念馆等
		布局形态特征	平面形态、空间结构	折行散状平面形态、交汇式空间格局
		自然环境特征	地势地貌、河流水系等	黄土沟壑地貌，崖磘沟、水燕沟、小河沟等河流
	隐性基因 (以捞车村为例)	民族文化	民族传统手工艺、语言文字、文学艺术等	土家织锦、土家语、土家山歌、摆手舞、咚咚喹、打溜子、茅古斯等
		信仰文化	祖先崇拜、土王崇拜、原始宗教	土家族三大祖先供奉仪式、八神宫祭祀、梯玛活动
		民俗节庆	节日庆典、婚嫁民俗、丧葬民俗等	舍巴日、大端午、哭嫁、丧舞
传统功能	点域功能 (以板梁村为例)	家庭生活功能	住房院落的接待宾客、寝居、厨卫、储物等	天井“一明两暗”式采光、堂屋角落式厨房等
		农户生计功能	农家种养殖、手工艺品制作、个体经营、旅游服务等	回龙茶楼、上村小卖部、古民居餐馆、原汁味农庄等
		公共服务功能	祭祀庆典、集散议事、邻里交往、行政管理、公益服务等	中村祠堂、镇龙塔、接龙桥、韵泉、礼堂、暴动陈列室等
	面域功能 (以板梁村为例)	基础设施功能	交通、给排水、能源、通信、防灾等	驿道商街、旅游公路、水电管网等
		村落生产功能	旅游、规模化种养殖、农产品加工、工艺品工业化制造等	板梁古村景区、象岭山集体经济林、烤烟承包地等
		村落生态功能	水土保持、林木涵养、蓄洪防旱等	象岭山、九山河、板溪等

表1

表2

传统村落人居环境的更新共同体

主体	内容	角色定位	主要利益诉求	人居环境更新职责	主体更新行为(以张谷英村为例)
村民群体	村委会、集体组织、村民个体	主要利益相关者、主要更新建设者、最基本的群体	宜居、宜业、宜游	发挥主体作用，表达需求，维护更新成果等	在村委会带领下，村民自筹资金数百万元，改善公益设施；如今村民开设了100多个土特产摊位，改造住房建立了80户接待游客的农家乐
政府	中央机关、地方政府、基层政府	主要利益相关者、更新政策决策者、更新工作监督者	政治利益、经济利益、生态利益、文化利益	发挥引领作用和指导作用，因地制宜规划、建设和管理更新活动等	2021年，张谷英镇推行林长制，加强张谷英村森林防火基础设施建设；2021年，张谷英管理处申报了张谷英村景区旅游基础设施建设等项目
企业	国有企业、集体企业、私营企业等	次要利益相关者、产业发展基本点、更新项目承包方	经济利益	按规定布局和调整生产单位，承包更新规划设计和营建工程等	2021年，上海建为历保科技股份有限公司总承包的上新屋东西横堂屋抢救性修缮工程和古建筑群灾后重建工程项目完成市级验收
科研院校	高等院校、科研院所等	次要利益相关者、有机更新智库	信息获取、技能提升、知识产出	教育培训人才，研发新技术，提供政策建议等	2020年，长沙学院、衡阳师范学院和张谷英村合作共建产学研基地；2022年，湖南理工学院和张谷英管理处等签约共建传统古村落保护与利用研究中心
社会组织	社会团体、基金会等	次要利益相关者、更新工作补充者	价值实现、社会影响力	筹集善款，组织志愿者，提供公益服务项目等	2021年，华夏文化遗产基金会捐建项目落地实施

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

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传统村落人居环境有机更新的基本逻辑：一个分析框架

Basic logic of the organic renewal of human settlement environment in traditional villages: A analytical framework

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