中国农村普惠金融对多维贫困的影响

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.11.001

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1991-2003.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.11.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

中国农村普惠金融对多维贫困的影响

王良健¹(), 周婧婧¹, 陈坤秋²^,^*(), 颜蕾³, 涂颖洁⁴

1.湖南大学经济与贸易学院，长沙 410079
2.湖南大学公共管理学院，长沙 410082
3.中南林业科技大学经济学院，长沙 410004
4.中南大学公共管理学院，长沙 410083

收稿日期:2022-01-09 修回日期:2022-07-29 出版日期:2022-11-28 发布日期:2023-01-28
通讯作者: *陈坤秋(1992— )，男，江西万年人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，主要从事土地利用与城乡发展研究。E-mail: chenkq@hnu.edu.cn
作者简介:王良健(1964— )，男，湖南双峰人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事人口资源与环境经济学、农业农村经济研究。E-mail: wangliangjian1234@126.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AZD039)

The impact of China’s inclusive finance on multidimensional poverty in rural areas

WANG Liangjian¹(), ZHOU Jingjing¹, CHEN Kunqiu²^,^*(), YAN Lei³, TU Yingjie⁴

1. School of Economics & Trade, Hunan University, Changsha 410079, China
2. School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
3. Business School, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
4. School of Public Administration, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Received:2022-01-09 Revised:2022-07-29 Online:2022-11-28 Published:2023-01-28
Supported by:
Key Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(21AZD039)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

减贫是联合国2030年可持续发展目标的首位目标，厘清普惠金融对农村贫困的作用机理与成效，可为乡村扶贫开发提供新视角、新路径。论文基于可持续生计分析框架探究农村普惠金融的减贫机理，并集成多源数据与多元方法对农村普惠金融的减贫效应、作用路径与影响的异质性进行了系统性实证检验。研究发现：农村普惠金融的减贫作用存在直接与间接双重路径。三维贫困标准下农村普惠金融指数对多维贫困发生率的减缓边际效应为67.5%，且减贫效应稳健。农村普惠金融的减贫效应存在群体差异，因贫困群体的贫困程度、受教育水平与贫困类型不同而呈分异特征，对深度贫困群体和低受教育水平贫困群体的减贫效应相对较小，对收入贫困、就业贫困、健康贫困与生活贫困均具减缓效应。需要科学识别农村普惠金融与贫困群体/地区的耦合过程，实现普惠金融的差异化供给及其与农村教育的深入关联以提升农村普惠金融减贫的深度、广度与可持续性。

关键词: 农村多维贫困, 普惠金融, 减贫效应, 异质性

Abstract:

Poverty reduction is one of the primary goals of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda of the United Nations. Clarifying how inclusive finance alleviates rural poverty and impacts rural development can provide new perspectives and avenues for alleviating rural poverty. Based on the sustainable livelihood analysis framework, this study explored the poverty reduction mechanism of rural inclusive finance and integrated multi-source data and methods to conduct a systematic empirical test on the poverty reduction effect, pathways, and heterogeneity of rural inclusive finance. The results indicate that rural inclusive finance plays a direct and an indirect role in reducing poverty. According to the three-dimensional poverty standard, the marginal impact of rural inclusive finance is 67.5%, and the poverty reduction effect is stable. Rural inclusive finance has a variable poverty reduction effect based on group differences, such as poverty degree, educational level, and type of poverty. There is a relatively small effect of poverty reduction on the deeply impoverished groups and the poor with low education levels, but a mitigation effect on income, employment, health, and living standards poverty. For the purpose of deepening, extending, and sustaining the reduction of rural poverty through inclusive finance, it would be necessary to scientifically identify the coupling process between rural inclusive finance and poor groups/regions and to determine and develop the differentiated supply of inclusive finance and an in-depth connection with rural education.

Key words: rural multidimensional poverty, inclusive finance, effect of poverty reduction, heterogeneity

王良健, 周婧婧, 陈坤秋, 颜蕾, 涂颖洁. 中国农村普惠金融对多维贫困的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(11): 1991-2003.

WANG Liangjian, ZHOU Jingjing, CHEN Kunqiu, YAN Lei, TU Yingjie. The impact of China’s inclusive finance on multidimensional poverty in rural areas[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(11): 1991-2003.

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维度	指标选取	指标定义	属性
覆盖广度	农村金融服务网点数量	每万km²农村金融机构网点数量(个/万km²)	+
	农村金融服务网点数量	每万人拥有农村金融机构网点数量(个/万人)	+
	农村金融服务人员数量	每万km²农村金融机构从业人员数量(个/万km²)	+
	农村金融服务人员数量	每万人拥有农村金融机构从业人员数量(个/万人)	+
使用深度	信贷业务	农户年人均贷款(万元/人)	+
	信贷业务	农户贷款余额与第一产业增加值比值	+
	存款业务	农户年人均存款(万元/人)	+
	存款业务	农户存款余额与第一产业增加值比值	+
可存续性	坏账	分省农村金融机构不良贷款率(%)	-

维度	指标	指标定义	权重
收入	人均收入	家庭人均年收入低于当年农村贫困标准^①，赋值1；其余赋值为0	1/5
就业	工作状态	当前处于失业或退出劳动力市场且收入低于当年农村贫困标准，赋值1；其余赋值为0	1/5
教育	受教育程度	未完成小学阶段义务教育(受教育年限不满6年)，赋值为1；其余赋值为0	1/5
健康	健康状况	自评健康状况为“不健康”，赋值为1；其余赋值为0	1/5
生活质量	饮用水源	做饭用水为雨水、江河湖水等非卫生安全水源，赋值1；其余赋值为0	1/10
生活质量	做饭燃料	做饭主要燃料为柴草或煤炭类非清洁燃料，赋值1；其余赋值为0	1/10

变量	均值	标准差	最大值	最小值
普惠金融指数	0.057	0.085	0.788	0.013
贫困状态	0.101	0.301	1	0
年龄	46.906	15.508	80	16
性别	0.507	0.500	1	0
婚姻状况	0.829	0.377	1	0
家庭规模	4.573	2.001	26	1
人均生产总值	40927	19412	134982	13119
第一产业增加值	2186	1274	4951	104
第二产业增加值	11562	8983	41249	1800
政府一般公共服务支出	4769414	2597627	15562920	980700
收入贫困	0.218	0.413	1	0
就业贫困	0.225	0.418	1	0
健康贫困	0.201	0.400	1	0
教育贫困	0.357	0.479	1	0
生活贫困	0.042	0.200	1	0

变量名	模型1		模型2		模型3		模型4
变量名	回归系数	边际效应	回归系数	边际效应	回归系数	边际效应	回归系数	边际效应
农村普惠金融指数	-3.475^***	-0.589^***	-3.736^***	-0.553^***	-3.742^***	-0.554^***	-4.570^***	-0.675^***
	(0.800)	(0.136)	(0.882)	(0.131)	(0.884)	(0.131)	(0.936)	(0.138)
农户特征变量	NO	NO	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
家庭特征变量	NO	NO	NO	NO	YES	YES	YES	YES
区域特征变量	NO	NO	NO	NO	NO	NO	YES	YES
时间、省份虚拟变量	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
观测值	70613	70613	70312	70312	70312	70312	70312	70312
伪R²	0.045	0.045	0.170	0.170	0.171	0.171	0.172	0.172

变量名	k=1/5		k=2/5		k=4/5
变量名	回归系数	边际效应	回归系数	边际效应	回归系数	边际效应
农村普惠金融指数	-0.998^***	-0.346^***	-2.247^***	-0.643^***	-4.414^*	-0.197^*
	(0.327)	(0.113)	(0.414)	(0.118)	(2.390)	(0.107)
农户、家庭、省份特征变量	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
年份、省份虚拟变量	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
观测值	70312	70312	70312	70312	70312	70312
伪R²	0.103	0.103	0.162	0.162	0.168	0.168

中国农村普惠金融对多维贫困的影响

The impact of China’s inclusive finance on multidimensional poverty in rural areas

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变量名	第一阶段普惠金融指数	第二阶段贫困状态
普惠金融指数		-9.527^**
		(4.613)
1937年银行数量×农村普惠金融指数的均值	0.003^***
1937年银行数量×农村普惠金融指数的均值	(<0.0001)
农户、家庭、省份特征变量	YES	YES
省份、年份虚拟变量	YES	YES
观测值	70312	70312
F值	>10
R²	0.965

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