中国沿海地区雨潮复合灾害联合分布及危险性研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.10.007

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1859-1867.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.10.007

中国沿海地区雨潮复合灾害联合分布及危险性研究

许瀚卿¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 谭金凯⁵, 李梦雅²^,³^,⁴, 刘青²^,³^,⁴, 王军¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

1.华东师范大学崇明生态研究院,上海 202162
2.华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海 200241
3.华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海 200241
4.华东师范大学上海城市公共安全研究中心,上海 200241
5.中山大学大气科学学院,广东珠海 519082

收稿日期:2021-12-24 修回日期:2022-03-08 出版日期:2022-10-28 发布日期:2022-12-28
通讯作者: *王军(1975— ),男,陕西汉中人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为城市灾害风险与公共安全管理。 E-mail: jwang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn
作者简介:许瀚卿(1993— ),男,江苏连云港人,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为复合洪涝灾害风险评估和应对。E-mail: hqxu@chm.ecnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA105);上海市科委科技攻关项目(19DZ1201505);华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室主任基金项目(KLGIS2022C01);广东省基础与应用基础研究青年项目(2020A1515110457)

Joint distribution and risk of the compound disaster caused by rainfall and storm surge across Chinese coastal region

XU Hanqing¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), TAN Jinkai⁵, LI Mengya²^,³^,⁴, LIU Qing²^,³^,⁴, WANG Jun¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*()

1. Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 202162, China
2. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
4. Research Center for Urban Public Security, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
5. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, Guangdong, China

Received:2021-12-24 Revised:2022-03-08 Online:2022-10-28 Published:2022-12-28
Supported by:
Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(18ZDA105);The Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program(19DZ1201505);Director's Fund of Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University(KLGIS2022C01);Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110457)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

沿海地区极易受到极端降雨和高潮位引发的复合洪涝灾害影响。研究风暴增水和累积降雨同时发生的概率,设计雨潮联合分布函数,对提升沿海城市防洪除涝应对措施的有效性、减少城市复合洪涝灾害造成的损失具有重要意义。论文以1979—2014年中国沿海逐日最大风暴增水和邻近雨量站日累积降雨数据作为统计样本,采用Copula函数构建雨潮联合概率模型,并利用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验、赤池信息准则、贝叶斯信息准则评价雨潮联合分布拟合优度,优选中国沿海雨潮联合概率分布函数模型。基于此模型,定量化设计中国沿海雨潮复合灾害情景。结果表明：在空间分布上,中国沿海雨潮复合灾害频次呈现明显的“两头多中间少”格局,其中,广东西部沿海、福建北部、浙江南部、山东及辽宁沿海频次相对较高;在50年一遇联合重现期下,北部湾、海南岛北部、浙江沿海、渤海湾部分沿海表现为极端降雨和较高的风暴增水,雨潮遭遇的复合灾害事件十分值得关注。研究结果在一定程度上揭示了中国沿海地区雨潮复合灾害的时空变化规律,并为复合灾害情景预测提供了定量化评估方案。

关键词: 复合灾害, Copula函数, 风暴增水, 极端降雨, 沿海地区

Abstract:

Coastal regions are extremely vulnerable to compound floods caused by extreme rainfall and strong storm surge. To improve the effectiveness of flood control measures in Chinese coastal cities and reduce the losses caused by urban compound flooding, it is important to analyze the joint probability of occurrence of extreme rainfall and strong storm surge and design the joint distribution function of daily storm surge and cumulative rainfall. In this study, we employed the Copula function to fit the joint probability distribution of storm surge and cumulative rainfall from 1979 to 2014. Then we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S), Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) statistical methods to obtain the optimal Copula function between storm surge and cumulative rainfall at each gauge alone the coast of China. Finally, based on the Copula method, we assessed the design value of compound scenarios of storm surge and rainfall in coastal China. The results indicate that the northern and southern parts of Chinese eastern coast have high frequency and the middle part has low frequency of compound disasters of strong storm surge and extreme rainfall. Western Guangdong, northern Fujian, southern Zhejiang, Shandong, and Liaoning provinces have a high frequency of compound disasters. Under the 50-year return period, the Beibu Gulf, northern Hainan Island, the coast of Zhejiang Province, and parts of the Bohai Bay have extreme rainfall and high storm surge. This study shows the temporal and spatial distribution of compound disasters of storm surge and rainfall in coastal China, and provides a framework for compound disaster scenario prediction.

Key words: compound disaster, Copula function, storm surge, extreme rainfall, coastal region

许瀚卿, 谭金凯, 李梦雅, 刘青, 王军. 中国沿海地区雨潮复合灾害联合分布及危险性研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(10): 1859-1867.

XU Hanqing, TAN Jinkai, LI Mengya, LIU Qing, WANG Jun. Joint distribution and risk of the compound disaster caused by rainfall and storm surge across Chinese coastal region[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(10): 1859-1867.

图/表 6

图1

表1

常用二维Copula函数表达式及参数范围

Copula函数	函数基本形式 $C μ, v$	参数范围
Gumbel	$e x p - - l n μ θ + - l n v θ 1 / θ$	$θ ∈ 1, ∞$
Clayton	$μ - θ + v - θ - 1 - 1 / θ$	$θ ∈ 0, ∞$
Frank	$- 1 θ l n 1 + e - θ μ - 1 e - θ v - 1 e - θ - 1$	θ∈R\{0}

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

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中国沿海地区雨潮复合灾害联合分布及危险性研究

Joint distribution and risk of the compound disaster caused by rainfall and storm surge across Chinese coastal region

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