城市收缩：内涵·中国化·研究框架

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市收缩是中国当前快速城镇化进程中不断涌现的一个新现象,给传统基于“增长情景模拟”的区域—城市规划范式和发展认知论带来极大的冲击和挑战;如何构建城市收缩“中国化”理论分析框架也由此成为学术界和规划管理部门关注的焦点话题。据此,论文围绕如下几个问题展开分析：① 系统梳理城市收缩概念的由来、城市收缩与城市增长、城镇化,以及与本土化、国际化的关系认知,指出城市收缩与城市增长是城镇化发展过程中2个方向互异的过程产物,也是一个嵌入全球化而根植于本土化的结果产物,研究中应避免“就收缩城市论收缩”;② 辨析与界定城市收缩与收缩城市的概念内涵,指出当前收缩城市识别标准的不统一,源于城市收缩与收缩城市概念混淆、概念重现象描述而忽视要素—效应的发展关联;③ 从研究范围、研究时段、界定标准和研究背景与区情差异性等方面对城市收缩内涵的“中国化”进行了初探,提出以城市建成区为研究范围、以10年为考察期、以综合取代单一人口指标构建收缩城市识别标准与方法体系,立足区域关联剖析、预测与响应收缩城市等内容与形式来落实“中国化”城市收缩内涵; ④ 基于产权区域、场势理论、区域关联与区域差异性构建中国语境收缩城市研究框架与实践路径。研究结果以期抛砖引玉唤起国内广大地理学者对城市收缩研究的“中国化”进行深入探讨,为世界城市收缩研究提供“中国经验”。

关键词: 城市收缩, 收缩城市, 新型城镇化, 中国化, 研究框架

Abstract:

Urban shrinkage is a new phenomenon in the process of China's rapid urbanization, which brings great impact and challenge to the traditional regional-urban planning cognitive theory and planning paradigm based on "growth scenario simulation". How to construct the theoretical and analytical framework of urban shrinkage research in China has become the focus of academia and planning management departments. The following issues were analyzed in the study: 1) Systematically reviewed the origin of the concept of urban shrinkage, the relationship between urban shrinkage and urban growth, urbanization, and its relationship with localization and internationalization. It pointed out that urban shrinkage and urban growth are the products of different process in two directions in the development of regional urbanization, also a product embedded in globalization and rooted in localization. It is necessary to avoid "discussing urban shrinkage based only on shrinking cities" in the study. 2) Distinguished and defined the concept and connotation of urban shrinkage and shrinking city. It pointed out that the inconsistency of current identification standards for shrinking cities stems from the confusion between the concept of shrinking city and urban shrinkage, the emphasis on the description of shrinkage concepts, and the negligence of the development correlation between factors and functions. 3) Conducted a preliminary study on the connotation of urban shrinkage research "sinicization" from the aspects of research scope, research period, definition standard, research background, and regional differences. It proposed to take the urban built-up area as the research scope and 10 years as the investigation period, use comprehensive indicators to replace single population indicator to construct the identification standard and method system of shrinking city, and use the analysis of the overall development environment of the city and its related areas and prediction of and response to the formation and development of shrinking city as the bases, to realize "sinicization". 4) Constructed a framework and path of shrinking city research in the Chinese context based on property right region, field theory, regional association, and regional difference. This study aimed to engage geographers in China for an in-depth discussion of the "sinicization" of urban shrinkage research, so as to provide Chinese experience for the study of urban shrinkage globally.

Key words: urban shrinkage, shrinking cities, new-type urbanization, sinicization, framework of analysis

孙平军. 城市收缩：内涵·中国化·研究框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(8): 1478-1491.

SUN Pingjun. Urban shrinkage: Connotation-sinicization-framework of analysis[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(8): 1478-1491.

图/表 4

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收缩阶段	划分标准
收缩前期	-3% <X_i<0且A_i≤ -10%
收缩初期	-5%<X_i≤ -3%且-15%< A_i≤ -10%
收缩中期	-10%<X_i ≤ -5%且-20%< A_i≤ -15%
收缩后期	-20%<X_i≤ -10%且-30%< A_i≤ -20%
衰败	X₁≤ -20%且A_i ≤ -30%