华北平原玉米播种期和品种变化对冠层温度的影响及地表生物物理机理

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.04.012

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 682-692.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.04.012

华北平原玉米播种期和品种变化对冠层温度的影响及地表生物物理机理

刘凤山¹^,²^,³(), 葛全胜³^,⁴, 陶福禄³^,⁴, 蔡杨星², 卜建超², 白妮妮¹

1.福建农林大学林学院,福州 350002
2.福建农林大学生命科学学院,国家菌草工程技术研究中心,福州 350002
3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
4.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京 100049

收稿日期:2021-02-23 修回日期:2021-12-09 出版日期:2022-04-28 发布日期:2022-06-28
作者简介:刘凤山(1986— ),男,山东潍坊,博士,助理研究员,主要研究领域为生态治理和农业气象学。E-mail: liufs.11b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41801020)

Impacts of maize planting date and variety on canopy temperature on the North China Plain and surface biophysical mechanism

LIU Fengshan¹^,²^,³(), GE Quansheng³^,⁴, TAO Fulu³^,⁴, CAI Yangxing², BU Jianchao², BAI Nini¹

1. Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. China National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Life College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
4. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2021-02-23 Revised:2021-12-09 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2022-06-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41801020)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过改变陆—气界面的地表水热交换,农田管理变化是气候变化的重要反馈过程之一。华北平原玉米的播种期和有效积温发生了规律性变化,改变了叶面积指数(LAI)、地表反照率(α)、净辐射(R_n)、潜热(LH)和冠层温度(T_c)等,成为区域气候变化的重要反馈过程。论文利用SiBcrop模型模拟3种玉米情景(春玉米、夏玉米、潜在玉米)下的LAI、α、R_n、LH和T_c的季节动态。结果表明,春玉米具有早播种、早收获、早LAI峰值的特征;夏玉米具有晚播种、晚收获、晚LAI峰值的特征;潜在玉米具有早播种、晚收获、高LAI的特征。模拟情景之间LAI差异为±2.5 m²·m^-2;T_c差异为±0.5 ℃。地表反照率(α)和地表能量分配是决定情景之间T_c差异的决定因素,播种期推迟,以α升高的降温效应为主;有效积温增加,以LH分配增多的降温效应为主。春玉米具有最高的冠层温度,夏玉米和潜在玉米的冠层温度较低且差异很小。研究结果对于促进农田土地管理变化适应和缓解区域气候变化具有一定意义。

关键词: 玉米, 农业物候, SiBcrop, 地表能量平衡, 华北平原

Abstract:

By changing the surface energy and water exchange at the land-atmosphere interface, farmland management change becomes an important feedback process of climate change. The planting date and growing degree day of maize on the North China Plain have changed, which is a potential feedback process for regional climate by influencing leaf area index (LAI), surface albedo (α), net radiation (R_n), latent heat (LH), and canopy temperature (T_c). The SiBcrop model was used to simulate the seasonal dynamics of LAI, α, R_n, LH and T_c under three maize planting scenarios (spring maize, summer maize, and potential maize). The results show that spring maize had the characteristics of early planting, early harvest, and early LAI peak; summer maize was characterized by late planting, late harvest, and late LAI peak; potential maize was characterized by early planting, late harvest, and high LAI. The differences between the simulated scenarios were ±2.5 m²·m^-2 for LAI and ±0.5 ℃ for T_c. The main determinants of T_c difference between the three scenarios were α and surface energy partitioning. The cooling effect of delayed planting was dominated by the increased α; and the cooling effect of prolonged growing degree day was mainly due to the increased LH partitioning. Spring maize had the highest T_c, while summer maize and potential maize had lower T_c with little difference. The results of this study have certain significance for farmland management change for the adaptation to regional climate change and mitigation.

Key words: maize, agricultural phenology, SiBcrop, surface energy balance, North China Plain

刘凤山, 葛全胜, 陶福禄, 蔡杨星, 卜建超, 白妮妮. 华北平原玉米播种期和品种变化对冠层温度的影响及地表生物物理机理[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(4): 682-692.

LIU Fengshan, GE Quansheng, TAO Fulu, CAI Yangxing, BU Jianchao, BAI Nini. Impacts of maize planting date and variety on canopy temperature on the North China Plain and surface biophysical mechanism[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(4): 682-692.

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站点	品种	观测时期	气温/℃	降水/mm	播种期(DOY)	收获期(DOY)	GDD/(℃·d)
宝坻	春玉米	1982—1997	23.6	514.3	133.6	259.8	2952.5
宝坻	夏玉米	1998—2009	24.2	340.7	166.6	272.8	2542.8
黄骅	夏玉米	1981—2009(1997)	25.4	340.6	170.0	259.2	2170.6
密云	春玉米	1981—1998(1988)	23.3	560.6	147.0	247.3	2844.2
密云	夏玉米	1999—2009	24.2	362.5	174.6	269.1	2253.6
南阳	夏玉米	1981—2009	25.8	409.9	160.0	259.0	2520.8
商丘	夏玉米	1981—2009	25.6	408.2	161.1	258.2	2455.6
唐山	春玉米	1981—1993(1986/1987/1989)	24.1	520.8	123.2	239.9	2670.8
唐山	夏玉米	1994—2009	23.1	374.7	174.4	277.4	2455.1
潍坊	春玉米	1984—2005	24.6	393.3	145.5	254.1	2644.4
潍坊	夏玉米	1986、1996、2006—2009	24.7	377.3	160.7	260.0	2422.6
新乡	夏玉米	1981—2009	25.9	341.2	158.7	257.1	2519.7
郑州	夏玉米	1981—2009(1992)	26.0	354.6	158.2	254.1	2464.3
驻马店	夏玉米	1990—2009	26.0	532.1	160.7	258.4	2505.1

模拟情景	参数		模拟时段
模拟情景	播种期	GDD/(℃·d)	模拟时段
春玉米	DOY≥136	2730	1980—2010年
夏玉米	DOY≥162	2730	1980—2010年
潜在玉米	DOY≥136	3036	1980—2010年

站点	春玉米(DOY)		夏玉米(DOY)		潜在玉米(DOY)
站点	播种期	收获期	播种期	收获期	播种期	收获期
宝坻	144	268	169	280	144	318
黄骅	144	265	170	280	144	315
密云	145	271	169	280	145	321
南阳	144	260	170	280	144	304
商丘	144	259	170	280	144	306
唐山	145	269	169	280	145	319
潍坊	145	267	170	280	145	317
新乡	144	256	169	280	144	305
郑州	144	261	170	280	144	311
驻马店	144	262	170	280	144	310

覆盖物	可见光波段	近红外波段
绿叶	0.08	0.30
作物土壤	0.11	0.314
裸露土壤	0.33	0.35

情景差异	参数	时期1	时期2	时期3	时期4	时期5	总体
春-夏	LAI/(m²·m^-2)	0.05	1.18	-1.27	-2.91	0.00	-0.59
	T_c/℃	0.49	-0.36	0.18	0.35	0.01	0.13
	R_n/(W·m^-2)	15.54	6.94	-5.56	-23.90	-0.07	-1.41
	LH/(W·m^-2)	6.07	9.10	-4.88	-13.22	0.41	-0.50
	SH/(W·m^-2)	7.76	-0.48	-1.78	-11.40	-0.17	-1.21
潜-春	LAI/(m²·m^-2)	0.06	0.98	1.74	2.43	1.47	1.34
	T_c/℃	-0.06	-0.17	-0.27	-0.21	0.09	-0.12
	R_n/(W·m^-2)	1.21	2.44	6.32	22.77	14.00	9.35
	LH/(W·m^-2)	1.27	3.10	4.83	11.16	3.75	4.82
	SH/(W·m^-2)	0.23	-0.11	2.12	11.28	9.49	4.60
潜-夏	LAI/(m²·m^-2)	0.11	2.16	0.46	-0.48	1.47	0.74
	T_c/℃	0.43	-0.53	-0.09	0.14	0.11	0.01
	R_n/(W·m^-2)	16.75	9.38	0.76	-1.13	13.93	7.94
	LH/(W·m^-2)	7.35	12.20	-0.06	-2.06	4.17	4.32
	SH/(W·m^-2)	7.99	-0.58	0.34	-0.12	9.32	3.39

华北平原玉米播种期和品种变化对冠层温度的影响及地表生物物理机理

Impacts of maize planting date and variety on canopy temperature on the North China Plain and surface biophysical mechanism

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