地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 621-635.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.04.007
收稿日期:
2021-06-22
修回日期:
2021-09-14
出版日期:
2022-04-28
发布日期:
2022-06-28
通讯作者:
*李志刚(1976— ),男,湖北天门人,教授,博导,主要研究方向为城市地理、城乡规划。E-mail: zhigangli@whu.edu.cn作者简介:
王子琳(1995— ),女,广西桂林人,博士生,主要研究方向为自然资源保护、规划与评价。E-mail: zilin_wang@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
WANG Zilin1,2(), LI Zhigang1,2,*(
), CHENG Hanbei1,2
Received:
2021-06-22
Revised:
2021-09-14
Online:
2022-04-28
Published:
2022-06-28
Supported by:
摘要:
城市公园绿地(UPGS)是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,良好的UPGS可达性可促进城市宜居、提高居民福祉。进入新时代,在建设“生态文明”和“人民城市”的背景下,关注中国大城市UPGS可达性的公平性问题意义重大。论文以武汉市中心城区为研究区域,从供给、需求2个方面综合测度可达性,从局部、整体角度评估了UPGS可达性的空间特征,并进一步探究了可达性与居民社会经济条件之间的关系,以此探讨社会公平性。研究发现: ① 区域型、全市型和综合型UPGS可达性空间分布优于社区型UPGS可达性空间分布;② UPGS的总体可达性在中心城区呈现“核心—边缘”逐渐递减的空间形态,UPGS数量多、密度大的区域的社区具有更高的可达性水平; ③ UPGS可达性与居民社会经济条件之间存在空间正相关关系,房价较高的社区,居民的UPGS可达性也较高,UPGS可达性反映的社会不平等现象明显。建议未来应重视更加精细化的UPGS布局优化和调控,不同区域和社会群体需求采取选择性策略,落实精准施策。论文弥补了现有研究的不足,应用大数据和新技术优化指标数据源,采用UPGS面积、生态系统服务价值、游憩设施和安全条件等指标精细化测度公园品质,并考虑了多种交通模式、实时路况以及不同年龄群体的选择偏好等因素,综合测度可达性,创新了研究方法;从城市经济结构视角出发,从房价入手探讨UPGS的公平性问题,拓展了已有分析框架,为中国大城市的基础设施布局和空间资源配置提供了支撑。
王子琳, 李志刚, 程晗蓓. 中国大城市公园绿地可达性的公平性研究——以武汉市中心城区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(4): 621-635.
WANG Zilin, LI Zhigang, CHENG Hanbei. The equity of urban park green space accessibility in large Chinese cities: A case study of Wuhan City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(4): 621-635.
表1
数据类型、来源及预处理
数据大类 | 数据子类 | 数据来源 | 软件及预处理 |
---|---|---|---|
基础地理数据 | 武汉行政区划数据 | 地理空间数据云 | ArcGIS 10.4 |
土地利用变化(LUCC)数据 | http://data.ess.tsinghua.edu.cn/ (2017年,精度为30 m×30 m) | ArcGIS 10.4(掩膜提取、栅格转面、地物分类提取) | |
路网数据a | OpenStreetMap开放共享数据库(www.openstreetmap.org) | ArcGIS 10.4(合并、相交) | |
社区数据 | 社区物业费标准 | 运用Python从安居客b、链家网c、搜房网d( | ArcGIS 10.4(克里金插值、分区统计、创建渔网、属性表连接和关联、标识) |
社区建成时长 | |||
名称 | 运用Python从安居客b、链家网c( | ArcGIS 10.4(提取相应经纬度的坐标点、人工法分类、相交)、PYcharm(爬取POI)、Datamap for excel(路线规划) | |
经纬度 | |||
户数 | |||
房价 | |||
UPGS数据 | 名称 | 运用Python从百度地图e( | |
经纬度 | |||
面积 | |||
人口数据 | 各出行方式的人口比例 | 2020武汉交通大数据分析、《2020武汉交通发展年度报告》 | 对全市数据与短期短途游憩锻炼目的综合分析 |
各年龄层人口比例 | 《武汉统计年鉴2020》《武汉市2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》《2020年湖北省国民经济和社会发展统计公报》 | 用全市数据代替 | |
高教育水平人口比例 | 武汉市第六次人口普查统计数据 | ArcGIS 10.4(克里金插值、分区统计、创建渔网、属性表连接和关联、标识) | |
社区人口密度 | |||
外来人口比例 |
表4
各区域中不同可达性的社区数量及占比
区域 | 社区总量/个 | 低可达性 | 较低可达性 | 中等可达性 | 较高可达性 | 高可达性 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
数量/个 | 占比/% | 数量/个 | 占比/% | 数量/个 | 占比/% | 数量/个 | 占比/% | 数量/个 | 占比/% | |||||||
江岸区 | 893 | 197 | 22.06 | 139 | 15.57 | 222 | 24.86 | 241 | 26.98 | 94 | 10.53 | |||||
江汉区 | 617 | 150 | 24.31 | 119 | 19.29 | 142 | 23.01 | 139 | 22.53 | 67 | 10.86 | |||||
硚口区 | 510 | 117 | 22.94 | 122 | 23.92 | 111 | 21.76 | 120 | 23.53 | 40 | 7.84 | |||||
汉阳区 | 594 | 144 | 24.24 | 172 | 28.96 | 128 | 21.54 | 123 | 20.70 | 27 | 4.55 | |||||
武昌区 | 945 | 183 | 19.37 | 180 | 19.05 | 252 | 26.67 | 234 | 24.76 | 96 | 10.16 | |||||
青山区 | 253 | 57 | 22.53 | 76 | 30.04 | 59 | 23.32 | 45 | 17.79 | 16 | 6.32 | |||||
洪山区 | 856 | 376 | 43.93 | 137 | 16.00 | 155 | 18.11 | 126 | 14.92 | 62 | 7.25 |
表5
房价对UPGS可达性影响的空间回归分析结果
变量 | 指标 | OLS结果 | 变量 | 指标 | SLM结果 | SEM结果 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
自变量 | ln房价 | 1.325***(0.306) | 自变量 | ln房价 | 1.234***(0.303) | 1.257***(0.310) |
控制 变量 | ln社区人口密度 | -0.358**(0.123) | 控制 变量 | ln社区人口密度 | -0.279*(0.122) | -0.357*(0.144) |
外来人口比例 | -3.448***(0.656) | 外来人口比例 | -2.789***(0.654) | -3.356***(0.776) | ||
高教育水平人口比例 | 4.414***(0.583) | 高教育水平人口比例 | 3.689***(0.584) | 4.391***(0.698) | ||
社区物业费标准 | -0.194(0.217) | 社区物业费标准 | -0.150(0.215) | -0.123(0.252) | ||
社区建成时长 | 0.202***(0.039) | 社区建成时长 | 0.169***(0.039) | 0.209***(0.045) | ||
结果 指标 | 常数 | -4.734*(3.027) | 结果 指标 | 常数 | -5.334*(2.995) | -4.312*(3.148) |
Moran's I(error) | 8.898*** | 空间滞后项 | 67.280*** | — | ||
LM(lag) | 78.542*** | 空间误差项 | — | 65.576*** | ||
Robust LM(lag) | 3.090* | Log Likelihood | -15067.730 | -15066.9 | ||
LM(error) | 76.258*** | AIC | 30149.8 | 30149.5 | ||
Robust LM(error) | 0.807* | SC | 30201.3 | 30194.6 | ||
LM(SARMA) | 79.348*** | R2 | 0.851 | 0.855 | ||
Log Likelihood | -15100.5 | N | 4668 | 4668 | ||
AIC | 30215 | |||||
SC | 30260.2 | |||||
R2 | 0.667 | |||||
N | 4468 |
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