拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空动态监测及驱动力分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.03.007

地理科学进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 437-450.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.03.007

拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空动态监测及驱动力分析

孔玲玲¹^,²^,³(), 冯险峰¹^,²^,^*(), 武爽¹^,², 刘子川¹^,², 姚玄楚¹

1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 广东省环境科学研究院,广州 510045

收稿日期:2021-02-25 修回日期:2021-06-02 出版日期:2022-03-28 发布日期:2022-05-28
通讯作者: *冯险峰(1970— ),女,河南新乡人,博士,副研究员,主要从事生态环境遥感应用与制图研究。E-mail: fengxf@lreis.ac.cn
作者简介:孔玲玲(1994— ),女,甘肃永靖人,硕士生,主要从事遥感地学分析研究。E-mail: kll_linxi1009@163.com
基金资助:
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040401)

Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factor analysis of ecological quality change in the Lhasa urban circle from 1994 to 2017

KONG Lingling¹^,²^,³(), FENG Xianfeng¹^,²^,^*(), WU Shuang¹^,², LIU Zichuan¹^,², YAO Xuanchu¹

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Guangdong Academy of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510045, China

Received:2021-02-25 Revised:2021-06-02 Online:2022-03-28 Published:2022-05-28
Supported by:
Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No(XDA20040401)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

拉萨城市圈是西藏自治区生态环境与城镇化作用突出的区域,近年来已经出现草场退化、土壤沙化等生态环境问题,对该区域生态质量状况的监测迫在眉睫,但目前又缺少对该区域精细尺度的生态质量状况研究。鉴于此,论文利用Google Earth Engine遥感大数据平台的并行计算优势,基于Landsat TM/ETM+卫星影像,通过遥感生态指数(remote sensing ecological index,RSEI)方法监测了拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空变化,深入分析了生态质量变化的气候驱动因子和土地利用转移因子,探索了气候综合驱动的时空分布特征及其变化。结果表明：① 在1994—2017年期间,拉萨城市圈的生态质量良好,在空间上呈现自西南向东北逐渐降低趋势,生态质量整体有改善趋势,改善比重为45.98%;② 热度是RSEI的内部主控因素,对RSEI产生负向影响,体现了气候变暖对研究区生态质量的抑制作用;③ 蒸汽压亏缺、气候水分亏缺是生态质量变化的主要气候驱动因子,草地向其他用地的转移是主要的土地利用驱动因子;④ 气候综合驱动在研究期间整体有减弱趋势,分布格局自西南向东北逐渐增强。论文对拉萨城市圈生态质量状况的监测及其驱动力的深入研究,能够为高原生态环境的保护和西藏地区城镇化的健康发展提供科学指引。

关键词: 拉萨城市圈, 生态质量, 驱动因子分析, 气候综合驱动, Google Earth Engine平台

Abstract:

The Lhasa urban circle is a prominent area of ecological environment change and urbanization in the Tibet Autonomous Region. In recent years, there have been ecological and environmental problems such as grassland degradation and soil desertification. The monitoring of the ecological quality of the region is urgent, but currently there is a lack of fine-scale monitoring of ecological quality status in the area. In view of this gap, by taking advantage of the parallel computing capacity of the Google Earth Engine remote sensing big data platform and based on Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite imagery, this study used the remote sensing ecological index method to monitor the temporal and spatial changes of the ecological quality of the Lhasa urban circle from 1994 to 2017, analyzed the climatic and land use transfer factors of ecological quality changes, and explored the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of comprehensive climate driven ecological quality changes. The results show that: 1) During 1994-2017, the ecological quality of the Lhasa urban circle was good, showing a gradual decrease in space from the southwest to the northeast, and the overall ecological quality showed an improving trend, with an improvement proportion of 45.98%. 2) Heat has been the main internal controlling factor of ecological quality changes, which had a negative impact. 3) Vapor pressure deficit and climate water deficit have been the main climatic driving factors of ecological quality changes, and the transfer of grassland has been the main driving factor of land use. 4) Comprehensive climatic driving force has weakened in the past 20 years, and the impact has gradually increased from the southwest to the northeast. The in-depth analysis of this study may provide a scientific guidance for the protection of the plateau ecological environment and the healthy development of urbanization in Tibet.

Key words: Lhasa urban circle, ecological quality, driving factor analysis, climate driving, Google Earth Engine platform

孔玲玲, 冯险峰, 武爽, 刘子川, 姚玄楚. 拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空动态监测及驱动力分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(3): 437-450.

KONG Lingling, FENG Xianfeng, WU Shuang, LIU Zichuan, YAO Xuanchu. Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factor analysis of ecological quality change in the Lhasa urban circle from 1994 to 2017[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(3): 437-450.

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年份	统计值	第一主分量	第二主分量	第三主分量	第四主分量
1994年	绿度	0.137	-0.926	-0.327	-0.128
	湿度	0.160	-0.041	0.513	-0.842
	热度	-0.973	-0.168	0.111	-0.109
	干度	-0.090	0.335	-0.786	-0.512
	特征值	0.007	0.006	0.001	≈0
	特征值贡献率/%	50.33	41.61	7.06	1.01
	累计贡献率/%	50.33	91.93	98.99	100.00
2017年	绿度	0.071	-0.935	-0.331	-0.109
	湿度	0.156	-0.064	0.495	-0.852
	热度	-0.979	-0.115	0.143	-0.087
	干度	-0.109	0.330	-0.790	-0.504
	特征值	0.006	0.004	0.001	≈0
	特征值贡献率/%	55.35	34.77	8.57	1.31
	累计贡献率/%	55.35	90.12	98.69	100.00

指标名称	1994年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2017年
绿度	0.137	0.066	0.341	0.041	0.133	0.071
湿度	0.160	0.148	0.136	0.122	0.179	0.156
热度	-0.973	-0.970	-0.908	-0.991	-0.957	-0.979
干度	-0.090	-0.180	-0.204	-0.042	-0.184	-0.109
特征值	0.007	0.007	0.007	0.008	0.006	0.006
特征值贡献率/%	50.33	55.75	54.83	55.66	53.13	55.35

气候相关性因子	Person相关性系数	P值
平均气温	0.578	<0.01
气候水分亏缺	0.559	<0.01
降水量	0.532	<0.01
气压	0.561	<0.01
蒸汽压亏缺	0.572	<0.01
风速	-0.564	<0.01

指标	1994年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2017年
平均气温	0.476	0.501	0.494	0.486	0.466	0.482
气候水分亏缺	-0.511	-0.397	-0.486	-0.452	-0.519	-0.468
降水量	-0.048	0.100	-0.009	0.188	0.005	-0.114
气压	-0.372	-0.414	-0.384	-0.390	-0.388	-0.407
蒸汽压亏缺	-0.521	-0.566	-0.551	-0.542	-0.524	-0.539
风速	0.316	0.300	0.261	0.280	0.297	0.280
特征值	0.100	0.088	0.089	0.095	0.103	0.096
特征贡献量/%	76.91	68.25	68.25	73.51	79.64	79.64

一级地类	代码	二级地类	生态环境质量指数	一级地类	代码	二级地类	生态环境质量指数
耕地	11	水田	0.30	水体	44	永久性冰川雪地	0.90
耕地	12	旱地	0.25		45	滩涂	0.45
林地	21	有林地	0.95		46	滩地	0.55
	22	灌木林	0.65	建设用地	51	城镇用地	0.20
	23	疏林地	0.45		52	农村居民点	0.20
	24	其他林地	0.40		53	其他建设用地	0.15
草地	31	高覆盖度草地	0.75	未利用地	61	沙地	0.01
	32	中覆盖度草地	0.45		62	戈壁	0.01
	33	低覆盖度草地	0.20		63	盐碱地	0.05
水体	41	河渠	0.55		64	沼泽地	0.65
	42	湖泊	0.75		65	裸土地	0.05
	43	水库坑塘	0.55		66	裸岩石砾地	0.01

拉萨城市圈1994—2017年生态质量的时空动态监测及驱动力分析

Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factor analysis of ecological quality change in the Lhasa urban circle from 1994 to 2017

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生态质量变化类型	土地利用类型变化方向	主要土地利用变化方式
改善	其他用地转为草地	裸岩石砾地、高寒荒漠、沙地向草地的转移;草地内部覆盖度变高
	其他用地转为林地	旱地(耕地)、沙地到林地的改良
	其他用地转为冰川冻土	裸岩石砾地、低覆盖草地向冰川冻土的转移
	其他用地转为湿生植物沼泽地	未成林林地向有湿生植物沼泽地的转移
变差	草地转为其他用地	草地覆盖度的退化(向更低级退化,最低级直接转移为裸岩石砾地);中高覆盖度草地向旱地(耕地)的转移