村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应的耦合协同规律及类型甄别——以重庆市荣昌区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2022.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

村镇建设用地扩展不可避免地挤压生态系统空间,打破系统内部原有的生态环境和生物地球化学过程,在生态文明的时代背景下,如何处理好村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境保护的关系对于实现可持续发展至关重要。论文在厘清村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应耦合协调机制的基础上,通过构建评价指标体系分析了2008—2018年重庆市荣昌区村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应协调发展的时空演变格局并划分耦合协调发展类型。研究发现：① 村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应以人类活动为纽带而构成交互耦合体,解析二者的耦合协调关系为理解村镇建设中“发展”与“保护”这对矛盾体提供了通道。② 2008、2013、2018年荣昌区村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应的耦合协调度在时间上呈上升趋势,在空间上呈南北高、中间低的分异格局。③ 运用耦合协调模型并结合同步发展模型将荣昌区村镇划分为保护与发展同步型、生态环境支持型、生态环境损耗型3种耦合协调类型。④ 针对各耦合协调类型提出差异化调控策略：保护与发展同步型村镇应兼顾经济发展与生态保护;生态环境支持型村镇可以适量开发未利用地;生态环境损耗型村镇应改变生态环境效应滞后的现状。

关键词: 村镇建设用地扩展, 生态环境效应, 耦合协调, 重庆市荣昌区

Abstract:

The expansion of village and town construction land inevitably squeezes the ecosystem space and disrupts the original ecological environment and biogeochemical processes in the system. Under the background of ecological civilization, how to deal with the relationship between village and town construction land expansion and ecological environment protection is a very important question for realizing sustainable development. On the basis of clarifying the coupling and coordination mechanism between village and town construction land expansion and ecological environmental response and taking 2008, 2013 and 2018 as the study years and Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality as the study area, this study constructed the evaluation indicator systems of village and town construction land expansion and ecological environmental effect. Using the coupling and coordination index calculation model and synchronous development model, this study analyzed the change of temporal and spatial patterns of village and town construction land expansion and ecological environment response in Rongchang District, and divided the types of coupling and coordinated development. The results show that: 1) The expansion of village and town construction land and the response of ecological environment form an interactive coupling relationship with human activities as the link. The analysis of the coupling and coordination state of the two provides a channel for understanding the conflict between development and protection in village and town construction. 2) The coupling and coordination degree of village and town construction land expansion and ecological environmental response in the district showed an upward trend temporally and a low differentiation pattern in space between the north and south. 3) Using the coupling and coordination model and combined with the synchronous development model, the village and town in Rongchang District were divided into three coupling and coordination types: protection and development synchronization type, ecological environment support type, and ecological environment loss type. 4) Differentiated regulatory strategies should be implemented for various types: village and town with protection and development synchronization should give consideration to both economic development and ecological protection; village and town with ecological environment support can develop an appropriate amount of unused land; and village and town with ecological environment depletion should change the current situation of lagging ecological environment protection.

Key words: construction land expansion of village and town, ecological environmental effect, coupling and coordination, Rongchang District of Chongqing Municipality

王成, 冀萌竹, 代蕊莲, 陈静, 沈悦. 村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应的耦合协同规律及类型甄别——以重庆市荣昌区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2022, 41(3): 409-422.

WANG Cheng, JI Mengzhu, DAI Ruilian, CHEN Jing, SHEN Yue. Coupling and coordination pattern and type division of village and town construction land expansion and ecological environment effect: A case study of Rongchang District, Chongqing Municipality[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2022, 41(3): 409-422.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

表1

村镇建设用地扩展指数评价指标体系

系统层	子系统层	属性	权重	计算方式
建设用地扩展定量测度	建设用地面积占比	+	0.336	$U = A S$
	建设用地年均扩展速率	+	0.333	$V = Δ A Δ t$
	建设用地扩展强度	+	0.331	$Φ = Δ A (A - Δ A) × Δ t × 100 %$

表1

表2

表3

村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应的耦合协调度指数阶段划分

耦合协调度	具体阶段	特征
$D ∈ [0.6, 1.0]$	良好协调(Ⅲ)	村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应协调发展,处于高水平的耦合协调阶段
$D ∈ [0.4, 0.6)$	勉强协调(Ⅱ)	村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应相互制衡、配合,是二者转向耦合协调或冲突的过渡阶段
$D ∈ [0, 0.4)$	失调衰退(Ⅰ)	村镇建设用地扩展与生态环境效应相互博弈与冲突,处于低水平的耦合协调阶段

表3

图4

图5

表4

2008、2013、2018年荣昌区村镇建设用地扩展度与生态环境效应耦合类型初拟结果

镇(街)	2008年			2013年			2018年
镇(街)	D	A	耦合协调类型	D	A	耦合协调类型	D	A	耦合协调类型
安富街道	0.63	0.20	良好协调—扩展滞后	0.73	-0.10	良好协调—扩展同步	0.76	-0.10	良好协调—扩展同步
昌元街道	0.58	0.24	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.67	0.11	良好协调—扩展滞后	0.59	0.37	勉强协调—扩展滞后
昌州街道	0.71	-0.26	良好协调—扩展超前	0.75	-0.36	良好协调—扩展超前	0.76	-0.27	良好协调—扩展超前
峰高街道	0.59	0.30	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.56	0.38	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.68	0.26	良好协调—扩展滞后
古昌镇	0.31	0.43	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.46	0.37	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.44	0.51	勉强协调—扩展滞后
观胜镇	0.50	0.33	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.59	0.25	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.69	0.13	良好协调—扩展滞后
广顺街道	0.59	-0.08	勉强协调—扩展同步	0.68	0.02	良好协调—扩展同步	0.76	-0.01	良好协调—扩展同步
河包镇	0.45	0.33	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.41	0.38	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.64	0.14	良好协调—扩展滞后
龙集镇	0.34	0.37	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.42	0.38	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.63	0.25	良好协调—扩展滞后
万灵镇	0.38	0.42	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.58	0.26	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.59	0.33	勉强协调—扩展滞后
盘龙镇	0.59	0.13	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.63	0.07	良好协调—扩展同步	0.68	0.04	良好协调—扩展同步
清江镇	0.39	0.41	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.45	0.38	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.68	0.10	良好协调—扩展同步
清流镇	0.74	-0.18	良好协调—扩展超前	0.73	-0.09	良好协调—扩展同步	0.76	0.03	良好协调—扩展同步
清升镇	0.35	0.42	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.56	0.19	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.67	0.08	良好协调—扩展同步
仁义镇	0.39	0.49	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.34	0.46	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.67	0.15	良好协调—扩展滞后
荣隆镇	0.39	0.38	失调衰退—扩展滞后	0.59	0.23	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.59	0.27	勉强协调—扩展滞后
双河街道	0.57	0.34	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.65	0.11	良好协调—扩展滞后	0.64	0.09	良好协调—扩展同步
铜鼓镇	0.65	-0.01	良好协调—扩展同步	0.55	0.24	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.72	-0.05	良好协调—扩展同步
吴家镇	0.80	-0.55	良好协调—扩展超前	0.75	-0.18	良好协调—扩展超前	0.81	-0.06	良好协调—扩展同步
远觉镇	0.53	0.23	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.70	-0.11	良好协调—扩展超前	0.57	0.26	勉强协调—扩展滞后
直升镇	0.42	0.40	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.48	0.35	勉强协调—扩展滞后	0.57	0.31	勉强协调—扩展滞后

表4

图6

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系统层	子系统层	指标层	属性	权重	指标说明
生态环境效应指数	生态环境压力	人均能源消耗量	-	0.118	村镇能源消耗总量/村镇常住人口
		人均工业废气排放量	-	0.117	工业废气排放总量/村镇常住人口
		工业固体废弃物排放强度	-	0.118	工业固体废弃物排放量/研究单元面积
	生态环境状态	森林覆盖率	+	0.113	林地面积/研究单元面积
		蔓延度指数	+	0.114	表征景观格局优质斑块连接性
		香农均匀度指数	+	0.114	表征生态环境稳定性
	生态环境响应	地均环保投资	+	0.087	表征村镇财政对环境治理的支持力度
		退耕还林面积	+	0.106	表征村镇森林保育措施的响应能力
		生活垃圾有效治理率	+	0.113	表征村镇环境治理的实施力度