金融危机背景下珠三角产业演化模式及机制研究——基于行业空间网络的视角

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2021.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2008年金融危机对全球制造业尤其是“世界加工厂”珠三角地区的产业链生态空间产生了较大影响,高质量的市场需求、弹性生产模式等冲击了珠三角传统生产模式。大规模生产企业的倒闭,影响了珠三角地区产业集群之间的联系。论文基于演化经济地理学下的复杂网络视角,利用2008年全国第二次经济普查与2013年全国第三次经济普查数据库,在镇街空间尺度上科学构建了广东省制造业行业空间网络,对珠三角5大主导行业组团的内外联系进行了分析,并探讨了珠三角地区镇街尺度上产业空间演化模式,最后以佛山市北滘镇为案例进行了实证。研究发现,珠三角在行业空间网络上体现为主导行业组团内部产业关联度增加、主导行业组团之间的产业关联度降低,反映出为增强地区韧性、适应全球市场的新需求,地区开始跳出本地配套支撑,融入外部生产市场,从相对初级、多元化的分散化发展演化为高端、专业化的集中式发展的产业空间生态模式。未来,珠三角亟需转型,为更快速响应全球市场,建议地区不止于为发达国家提供加工制造,应做强本地特色化的生产品牌,构建本地的完整产业链条,以谋求可持续化的产业发展。

关键词: 金融危机背景, 行业空间网络, 产业联系, 演化, 珠三角

Abstract:

The financial crisis in 2008 had a great impact on the global manufacturing industry, especially on the industrial chains in the "world processing plant" Pearl River Delta region. In the context of the financial crisis, high-quality market demand and flexible production models have impacted the traditional production pattern of the Pearl River Delta. The closure of mass production enterprises has affected the relationship between industrial clusters in the Pearl River Delta. Based on the complex network theory of evolutionary economic geography, this study used the second National Economic Census databases of 2008 and the third National Economic Census databases of 2013 to map the manufacturing industry space network in Guangdong Province at the town and township scale. We analyzed the internal and external relationships of the five leading regional industrial groups. We also discussed their change in the industry space and finally took Beijiao Town of Foshan City as a case study. This study found that the internal industrial proximities within the leading industrial groups increased and the proximities between them decreased in the industry space network. It indicates that the region is beginning to grow out of local support and is more deeply integrated into the external production network, so as to enhance regional resilience and adapt to the new needs of the global market. This reveals that the industries have evolved from a relatively primary, diversified, and decentralized development to a high-end, specialized, and centralized industrial pattern. In the future, the Pearl River Delta urgently needs to transform and respond more quickly to the global market, and it is suggested that the region should not be confined to providing processing and manufacturing functions for developed countries, but strengthen local characteristic production brands and build a complete local industrial chain to achieve sustainable industrial development.

Key words: under the background of financial crisis, industry space network, industrial proximity, evolution, Pearl River Delta

李珊, 宋雨儒, 秦小珍, 许伟攀, 李郇. 金融危机背景下珠三角产业演化模式及机制研究——基于行业空间网络的视角[J]. 地理科学进展, 2021, 40(4): 635-646.

LI Shan, SONG Yuru, QIN Xiaozhen, XU Weipan, LI Xun. Study on the industrial evolution pattern and mechanism of the Pearl River Delta under the background of financial crisis: Based on the perspective of industry space network[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2021, 40(4): 635-646.

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

图4

表6

图5

参考文献 43

[1]	马海涛, 刘志高. 地方生产网络空间结构演化过程与机制研究: 以潮汕纺织服装行业为例[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(3):308-313.
	Ma Haitao, Liu Zhigao. Spatial structure evolutionary process and mechanisms of local production networks: A case study of Chaoshan region in Southeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(3):308-313.
[2]	苗长虹. 全球—地方联结与产业集群的技术学习: 以河南许昌发制品产业为例[J]. 地理学报, 2006, 61(4):425-434.
	Miao Changhong. Global-local nexus and technological learning in industrial cluster: A case study of hair-goods industry in Xuchang, Henan Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2006, 61(4):425-434.
[3]	赵哲, 陈烨, 吴钢. 美国金融危机对全球贸易网络影响的测度研究[J]. 宏观经济研究, 2016(2):150-159.
	Zhao Zhe, Chen Ye, Wu Gang. Research on the impact of the US financial crisis on the global trade network. Macroeconomics, 2016(2):150-159.
[4]	陈肖飞, 郭建峰, 胡志强, 等. 汽车产业集群网络演化与驱动机制研究: 以奇瑞汽车集群为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(3):467-476.
	Chen Xiaofei, Guo Jianfeng, Hu Zhiqiang, et al. The evolution process and driving mechanism of automobile industrial cluster network: Taking Chery Cluster as an example. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(3):467-476.
[5]	Glückler J. Economic geography and the evolution of networks[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2007, 7(5):619-634.
[6]	李郇. 珠江三角洲城市间竞争的模式探讨[J]. 广东社会科学, 2002(4):24-29.
	Li Xun. Discussion on the mode of competition among cities in the Pearl River Delta. Social Sciences in Guangdong, 2002(4):24-29.
[7]	Porter M E. Clusters and the new economics of competition [M]// Porter M E. On competition. Boston, USA: Harvard Business School Press, 1998.
[8]	Marshall A, Marshall M P. The economics of industry [M]. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Macmillan & Co., 1920.
[9]	田明, 樊杰. 新产业区的形成机制及其与传统空间组织理论的关系[J]. 地理科学进展, 2003, 22(2):186-194.
	Tian Ming, Fan Jie. New industrial districts' developmental mechanism and comparative analysis to traditional spatial organization theories. Progress in Geography, 2003, 22(2):186-194.
[10]	Ernst D, Kim L. Global production networks, knowledge diffusion, and local capability formation[J]. Research Policy, 2002, 31(8/9):1417-1429.
[11]	Henderson J, Dicken P, Hess M, et al. Global production networks and the analysis of economic development[J]. Review of International Political Economy, 2002, 9(3):436-464.
[12]	Krugman P, Elizondo R L. Trade policy and the Third World metropolis[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 1996, 49(1):137-150.
[13]	贺灿飞, 潘峰华, 孙蕾. 中国制造业的地理集聚与形成机制[J]. 地理学报, 2007, 62(12):1253-1264.
	He Canfei, Pan Fenghua, Sun Lei. Geographical concentration of manufacturing industries in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2007, 62(12):1253-1264.
[14]	Hidalgo C A, Klinger B, Barabási A L, et al. The product space conditions the development of nations[J]. Science, 2007, 317:482-487. doi: 10.1126/science.1144581 pmid: 17656717
[15]	Boschma R, Martin R. Editorial: Constructing an evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2007, 7(5):537-548.
[16]	苗长虹, 魏也华, 吕拉昌. 新经济地理学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011.
	Miao Changhong, Wei Yehua, Lv Lachang. New economic geographies. Beijing, China: Science Press, 2011.
[17]	吴加伟, 袁丰, 吕卫国, 等. 金融危机下泛长三角 FDI 时空格局演化及其机制研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2014, 33(12):1601-1613.
	Wu Jiawei, Yuan Feng, Lv Weiguo, et al. Spatiotemporal change of foreign direct investment and mechanism in the Pan-Yangtze River Delta area under the global financial crisis. Progress in Geography, 2014, 33(12):1601-1613.
[18]	尹贻梅, 刘志高, 刘卫东. 路径依赖理论及其地方经济发展隐喻[J]. 地理研究, 2012, 31(5):782-791.
	Yin Yimei, Liu Zhigao, Liu Weidong. Path-dependence and its implication for regional development. Geographical Research, 2012, 31(5):782-791.
[19]	Li S, Li X, Chen H H, et al. China's export evolution in the dynamic global product space from 2000 to 2011 [J]. Current Science, 2019, 117(3):470-479.
[20]	Boschma R A, Wenting R. The spatial evolution of the British automobile industry: Does location matter? [J]. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2007, 16(2):213-238.
[21]	Maskell P, Malmberg A. Myopia, knowledge development and cluster evolution[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2007, 7(5):603-618.
[22]	Neffke F M H, Henning M, Boschma R. The impact of aging and technological relatedness on agglomeration externalities: A survival analysis[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2012, 12(2):485-517.
[23]	Martin R, Sunley P. Path dependence and regional economic evolution[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2006, 6(4):395-437.
[24]	Rigby D L, Essletzbichler J. Evolution, process variety, and regional trajectories of technological change in US manufacturing[J]. Economic Geography, 1997, 73(3):269-284.
[25]	Boschma R A, Lambooy J G. Evolutionary economics and economic geography[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 1999, 9(4):411-429.
[26]	Bathelt H, Boggs J S. Toward a reconceptualization of regional development paths: Is Leipzig's media cluster a continuation of or a rupture with the past? [J]. Economic Geography, 2003, 79(3):265-293.
[27]	Boschma R A, Frenken K. Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geography[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2006, 6(3):273-302.
[28]	颜燕, 贺灿飞, 王俊松. 产业关联、制度环境与区域产业演化[J]. 北京工商大学学报(社会科学版), 2017, 32(1):118-126.
	Yan Yan, He Canfei, Wang Junsong. Industrial linkage, institutional environment and regional industrial evolution. Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University (Social Sciences), 2017, 32(1):118-126.
[29]	Boschma R, Martin R. The handbook of evolutionary economic geography[M]. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.
[30]	Martin R, Sunley P. The place of path dependence in an evolutionary perspective on the economic landscape M// Boschma R, Martin R. The handbook of evolutionary economic geography. Chichester, UK: Edward Elgar, 2010.
[31]	李海东, 林志扬. 组织结构变革中的路径依赖与路径创造机制研究: 以联想集团为例[J]. 管理学报, 2012, 9(8):1135-1146.
	Li Haidong, Lin Zhiyang. Mechanism of path dependence and path creation in organizational structure change: The case of Lenovo Group. Chinese Journal of Management, 2012, 9(8):1135-1146.
[32]	Boschma R, Coenen L, Frenken K, et al. Towards a theory of regional diversification: Combining insights from evolutionary economic geography and transition studies[J]. Regional Studies, 2017, 51(1):31-45.
[33]	Hausmann R, Klinger B. The structure of the product space and the evolution of comparative advantage[R]. Center for International Development of Harvard University Working Paper Series No.146. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University, 2007.
[34]	宋吉涛, 赵晖, 陆军, 等. 基于投入产出理论的城市群产业空间联系[J]. 地理科学进展, 2009, 28(6):932-943.
	Song Jitao, Zhao Hui, Lu Jun, et al. Approach and empirical research on industry contact in urban agglomeration. Progress in Geography, 2009, 28(6):932-943.
[35]	孙露, 薛冰, 耿涌, 等. 基于投入产出表和社会网络分析的区域产业结构比较分析: 以华东七省(市)为例[J]. 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015(1):224-233.
	Sun Lu, Xue Bing, Geng Yong, et al. Analysis on regional industries based on input-output table and SNA: A case of seven provinces in Eastern China. Journal of East China Normal University (Natural Sciences), 2015(1):224-233.
[36]	Hausmann R, Klinger B. South Africa's export predicament[J]. Economics of Transition, 2008, 16(4):609-637.
[37]	Hidalgo C A. The dynamics of economic complexity and the product space over a 42 year period[R]. Center for International Development of Harvard University Working Paper No. 189. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University, 2009.
[38]	张卓颖, 石敏俊. 中国省区间产业内贸易与产业结构同构分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(6):732-740.
	Zhang Zhuoying, Shi Minjun. Intra-industrial trade and interregional structural isomorphism of manufacturing industry based on China-IRIO2002. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(6):732-740.
[39]	王茂军, 杨雪春. 四川省制造产业关联网络的结构特征分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(2):212-222.
	Wang Maojun, Yang Xuechun. The structural features of regional manufacturing industrial association network: A case study of Sichuan Province. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(2):212-222.
[40]	Leman E. Can the Pearl River Delta region still compete? [J]. China Business Review, 2003, 30(3):6-17.
[41]	吕朝凤, 朱丹丹. 中国垂直一体化生产模式的决定因素: 基于金融发展和不完全契约视角的实证分析[J]. 中国工业经济, 2016(3):68-82.
	Lv Chaofeng, Zhu Dandan. Determinants of vertical integration in China industry: An empirical study from financial development and incomplete contract. China Industrial Economics, 2016(3):68-82.
[42]	杜志威, 金利霞, 刘秋华. 产业多样化、创新与经济韧性: 基于后危机时期珠三角的实证[J]. 热带地理, 2019, 39(2):170-179.
	Du Zhiwei, Jin Lixia, Liu Qiuhua. Industrial diversity, innovation, and economic resilience: Empirical analysis of the Pearl River Delta in the post-financial crisis era. Tropical Geography, 2019, 39 (2):170-179.
[43]	杜宁, 赵民. 发达地区乡镇产业集群与小城镇互动发展研究[J]. 国际城市规划, 2011, 26(1):28-36.
	Du Ning, Zhao Min. On the interactive development between rural industrial clusters and townships in coastal provinces of China. Urban Planning International, 2011, 26(1):28-36.

产业	纺织服装	金属制品	交通运输设备	电气机械及器材	通信电子设备	均值
纺织服装	1.000	0.196	0.167	0.123	0.089	0.144
金属制品	0.196	1.000	0.217	0.181	0.122	0.179
交通运输设备	0.167	0.217	1.000	0.166	0.129	0.170
电气机械及器材	0.123	0.181	0.166	1.000	0.159	0.157
通信电子设备	0.089	0.122	0.129	0.159	1.000	0.125

产业	纺织服装	金属制品	交通运输设备	电气机械及器材	通信电子设备	均值
纺织服装	1.000	0.188	0.150	0.107	0.081	0.131
金属制品	0.188	1.000	0.223	0.167	0.111	0.172
交通运输设备	0.150	0.223	1.000	0.158	0.125	0.164
电气机械及器材	0.107	0.167	0.158	1.000	0.161	0.148
通信电子设备	0.081	0.111	0.125	0.161	1.000	0.119

产业	纺织服装	金属制品	交通运输设备	电气机械及器材	通信电子设备	演化均值
纺织服装	0	-4.1	-10.2	-13.0	-9.0	-9.0
金属制品	-4.1	0	2.8	-7.7	-9.0	-3.9
交通运输设备	-10.2	2.8	0	-4.8	-3.1	-3.5
电气机械及器材	-13.0	-7.7	-4.8	0	1.3	-5.7
通信电子设备	-9.0	-9.0	-3.1	1.3	0	-4.8

产业	2008年产业内关联	2013年产业内关联	演化程度/%
纺织服装	0.164	0.197	20.12
金属制品	0.234	0.239	2.14
交通运输设备	0.086	0.091	5.81
电气机械及器材	0.170	0.171	0.59
通信电子设备	0.209	0.214	2.39

行业编码	比较优势(RCA)	小类产业	所属大类行业
3952	76.98	家用空气调节器制造	电气机械制造
2140	25.75	塑料家具制造	家具制造
1369	25.39	其他水产品加工	农副食品加工
3129	25.30	其他水泥制品制造	非金属矿物制造
3912	21.91	电动机制造	电气机械制造
3573	21.52	制冷、空调设备制造	通用设备制造
4020	19.59	雷达及配套设备制造	通信设备制造
3954	13.45	家用厨房电器具制造	电气机械制造
3953	12.67	家用通风电器具制造	电气机械制造
2130	10.61	金属家具制造	家具制造业