城市中心体系研究的理论基础与分析框架

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“经济—空间”视角下城市中心体系的理论与实证研究之间缺少相互衔接的分析框架。论文通过对经典理论的系统归纳与演绎,建立整体视角下理解城市中心体系形成与发展的理论框架,将城市中心体系的发展规律概括为空间竞争和空间联系2个机制,体现在本地服务功能和非本地功能的空间组织过程,分别形成等级网状结构和专业化点状结构,并相互融合形成“半网格”的城市中心体系,扮演着本地与宏观区域结构之间的“转换发动机”。最后探讨了对实证研究的若干启示,提出城市中心的定义和识别方法应注意与理论研究相互衔接;认为城市中心的本地/非本地功能特征及相应的发展机制亟待实证;认为中心及其空间影响的调控潜力是制定规划政策的前提。

关键词: 城市中心体系, 理论框架, 空间竞争, 空间联系, 半网格结构

Abstract:

Under the "economic space" perspective, theories and empirical studies regarding urban centers system have developed in isolation from each other. This study aimed at filling this gap with a synthesized theoretical framework. Based on a general survey of theoretical models, we argued that the formation and development of urban centers system are mainly determined by two mechanisms—spatial competition and spatial connection, generating the spatial organization of local and non-local services respectively. Then we characterized the urban centers as a "semi-lattice" system that any center in a tree-structure of local service centers could be linked to higher-level centers or even global cities by non-local functions such as those derived from the space of flow. After an in-depth discussion of this framework, we proposed several research implications regarding empirical studies. We argued that empirical identification of urban centers should be consistent with theoretical concepts; reflection from empirical studies should be further linked to the refinement of the framework; and the potential of planning intervention on centers and their spatial effects is the premise of spatial policies.

Key words: urban centers system, theoretical framework, spatial competition, spatial connection, semi-lattice

晏龙旭, 王德, 张尚武. 城市中心体系研究的理论基础与分析框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1576-1586.

YAN Longxu, WANG De, ZHANG Shangwu. Theoretical foundation and framework for understanding urban centers[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(9): 1576-1586.

图/表 3

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理论/实证研究	中心的定义	代表文献
中心地理论	区域中主要起区域中心作用的聚落(settlement),是中心商品和服务的生产或供应地	[21]
区位理论	区域中的城镇、非农业企业的点状集聚地	[22]
城市经济学	城市中预设的对所有生产者具有吸引力CBD,有时甚至被设为唯一就业地	[23]
空间经济学等理论模型	区域中的城镇、制造业集聚地(制造业与农业二部门情况下)、产业集群的区位	[24]
	区域中的城镇、产业集聚区;城市中的商业集聚地	[25]
	城市中内生于居民理性经济活动而产生的居住、就业或其他活动的集聚地	[26-27]
城市尺度的实证研究	就业集聚且对周边就业或人口等要素分布有影响的区位(employment centers)	[6,28]
	商业集聚的中心(shopping centers)	[29]
	就业与公共活动集聚的中心(activity centers)	[30]