基于精准修复的陕西传统乡村聚落景观基因变异性研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.011

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1544-1556.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.011

基于精准修复的陕西传统乡村聚落景观基因变异性研究

向远林¹(), 曹明明¹^,^*(), 秦进², 吴冲¹

1.西北大学城市与环境学院,西安 710127
2.商洛学院城乡规划与建筑工程学院,陕西商洛 726000

收稿日期:2019-12-02 修回日期:2020-04-03 出版日期:2020-09-28 发布日期:2020-11-28
通讯作者: 曹明明
作者简介:向远林(1987— ),男,博士生,主要从事传统乡村聚落景观基因、乡村聚落保护与规划研究。E-mail: xbdxiangyuanlin@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41771539);中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目(131551KYSB20160002);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20030301)

Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in Shaanxi Province based on accurate-restoration

XIANG Yuanlin¹(), CAO Mingming¹^,^*(), QIN Jin², WU Chong¹

1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
2. College of Urban, Rural Planning and Architectural Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2019-12-02 Revised:2020-04-03 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-11-28
Contact: CAO Mingming
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771539);International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(131551KYSB20160002);Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20030301)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统乡村聚落景观基因是当前聚落景观的研究热点之一。结合相关研究,论文定义了景观基因信息链,明确了其层次结构,提出了传统乡村聚落景观基因的类生命总体变异机制;在此基础上,结合陕西传统乡村聚落景观特征,进一步构建其景观基因信息链,提出其景观基因总体变异机制及总体变异特征。最后,提出了传统乡村聚落景观基因信息链精准修复的理论框架,并对陕西发生变异的典型聚落进行了精准修复实践,验证了景观基因信息链精准修复的必要性、可操作性。研究旨在为传统乡村聚落保护、活化提供新的、景观基因视角的独特思路与方法。

关键词: 传统乡村聚落, 景观基因信息链, 景观基因变异性, 变异机制, 精准修复, 陕西

Abstract:

Landscape genes of traditional rural settlements are a hotspot of settlements' landscape research. Based on existing research, this study defined the landscape genetic information chain and its hierarchy. The general life-like variation mechanism of landscape genes in traditional rural settlements was also proposed. On these bases, considering the landscape characteristics of traditional rural settlements in Shaanxi Province, the landscape genetic information chains of traditional rural settlements in the province were constructed and the general variation mechanism and characteristics of traditional rural settlements in the province were proposed. A theoretical framework of accurate restoration of the traditional rural settlements' landscape genetic information chain was further put forward. In addition, accurate restoration was applied to the typical settlement with variation in Shaanxi Province as an empirical case. The results verified the necessity and operability of accurate restoration. This research provides some thoughts and methods that are fresh and original for the protection and activation of traditional rural settlements from a landscape genetic perspective.

Key words: traditional rural settlements, landscape genetic information chain, landscape genetic variability, variation mechanism, accurate restoration, Shaanxi Province

向远林, 曹明明, 秦进, 吴冲. 基于精准修复的陕西传统乡村聚落景观基因变异性研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1544-1556.

XIANG Yuanlin, CAO Mingming, QIN Jin, WU Chong. Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in Shaanxi Province based on accurate-restoration[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(9): 1544-1556.

图/表 9

表1

图1

图2

图3

表2

图4

表3

陕西传统乡村聚落景观基因总体变异特征"

自然经济区	传统乡村聚落景观基本特征	典型变异聚落	总体变异特征
陕北	窑洞聚落是主体,由于该区域历史上多位于边境,产生了多个军屯聚落;由于封建时代封闭发展的经济,产生了多个延续数代的地主庄园窑洞聚落;革命时期中央的驻扎,又使其产生了多个红色窑洞聚落;窑洞聚落与沟、塬、梁、峁相伴相生,是黄土高原最典型的人文景观	杨家沟村、高杰村、碾畔村、马家湾村等	窑洞聚落大面积闲置、废弃,聚落空心化严重,大量窑洞聚落景观基因信息消失或者破坏,变异类型以景观基因突变和景观结构变异为主,大量窑洞聚落景观基因元、基因链、基因形三层次结构全面破坏
关中	受都城营建思想的影响及为防兵燹、匪患,无险可守的关中平原上形成了大量的防御式古堡;渭北旱塬处于关中盆地向黄土高原过渡地带,呈现出房窑结合的聚落景观特征,地坑院窑洞聚落尤其典型	程家川村、老县城村、双泉村、曹家村等	防御古堡文化和地坑窑文化即将消失,相关景观基因信息流失严重,变异类型以景观基因重组和景观结构变异为主,多个聚落景观基因形、基因链损坏严重
陕南	陕南东部的安康、商洛地区传统乡村聚落受秦、楚文化及湖广移民文化影响,聚落景观亦秦亦楚亦徽,多呈徽派移民聚落景观特征;陕南西部汉中地区则深受巴蜀文化影响,聚落景观多呈秦巴文化融合的特征。陕南传统聚落多选址于山顶、半山腰及沿河沟谷地带,多呈带枝状及团块状发展的形态	双柏村、天宝村、青木川村、前河村等	以徽派天井院民居为代表的移民文化,全面走向现代多层居住小区文化,变异类型以景观结构变异为主,传统乡村聚落景观基因元、基因链、基因形等景观基因信息即将大面积消失

表3

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图6

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刘沛林等(借鉴生物学概念)^[38]		王兴中等(基于文化生态学)^[23]		本文(综合)
结构层次	定义	结构层次	定义	结构层次	定义
基因胞	景观基因基本单元	基因元	景观基因的最小单位	基因元	传统聚落历史文化景观的基本信息单元(不可再分的信息单元)
基因链	景观连接通道(交通)	基因链	若干基因元的排列组合模式(线性)	基因链	传统聚落历史文化景观的主要信息单元,包括景观的链接通道、主体结构、主要景观节点等(基因元经二次及以上的排列组合形成的景观信息)
基因形	景观整体形态(城墙)	基因形	若干基因链的排列组合模式(面状)	基因形	传统聚落历史文化景观的总体形态和整体格局等抽象信息

类别/结构	基因形	基因链	基因元
景观基因类 (文本描述表达)	建筑特征:关中民居、徽派民居、窑洞聚落等	传统民居特征:天井四合院、关中窄院、窑洞四合院等	屋顶:四水归堂、单坡屋顶、平窑洞顶等
景观基因组图谱类 (图示表达)	蒲城陶池村总体形态图谱	蒲城陶池村空间序列图谱	蒲城陶池村典型院落图谱

基于精准修复的陕西传统乡村聚落景观基因变异性研究

Study of traditional rural settlements landscape genetic variability in Shaanxi Province based on accurate-restoration

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