地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 1473-1484.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.09.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

耕地资产社会保障功能的空间分异研究——不同农业类型区的比较

王亚辉1,2(), 李秀彬3,4, 辛良杰3, 谈明洪3,4   

  1. 1.西南大学地理科学学院,重庆 400715
    2.西南山地生态循环农业国家级培养基地,重庆 400715
    3.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2019-08-08 修回日期:2019-11-20 出版日期:2020-09-28 发布日期:2020-11-28
  • 作者简介:王亚辉(1989— ),男,安徽亳州人,博士,副教授,研究方向为土地利用变化。E-mail: wangyhui.15b@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(41901232);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930757);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(19XJCZH006);重庆市社会科学规划项目(2018BS59);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(swu118054)

Spatial differentiation of social security function of cultivated land assets: Comparison of different agricultural regions

WANG Yahui1,2(), LI Xiubin3,4, XIN Liangjie3, TAN Minghong3,4   

  1. 1. School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    2. State Cultivation Base of Eco-Agriculture for Southwest Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
    3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2019-08-08 Revised:2019-11-20 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-11-28
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41901232);Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41930757);Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(19XJCZH006);Chongqing Social Science Planning Project(2018BS59);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(swu118054)

摘要:

在中国人多地少和土地产权二元结构背景下,耕地资源一直是农民的“命根子”,其社会保障功能被认为是社会的稳定器,但近年来这一观点受到越来越多的质疑。目前中国农户耕地的社会保障功能还有多大,迫切需要利用详实的数据进行系统性、定量化的测算。基于此,把拥有承包权的耕地看作农户的一项资产,论文选取都市农业区、集约农业区、平原主粮作物区和山地主粮作物区4类典型农业区,实地调查1025户农户家庭,旨在揭示耕地社会保障功能的空间分异规律。结果表明:作为家庭农业的生产资料,耕地投入农业生产所获收益占家庭总收入的比重在各区最高为50%,其中山区不足7%;作为一项养老保障,家庭耕地资产收益对养老需求的贡献率均不足30%,山区甚至不及3%;作为金融抵押品,若以20万元资金需求为例,户均耕地资产可贷款额度均不超过资金需求的20%,而山区仅为1%。现阶段农户耕地资产的社会保障价值已十分微弱,这有助于给出对新时期农村土地保障功能的科学判断。随着城镇化的推进,不同农业类型区农户的耕地收益及资产价值均不断下降,尤其是在农地利用边际化胁迫下的山区,如何减缓山区耕地弃耕撂荒和耕地资产贬值,无疑是乡村振兴战略实施过程中需要重点关注的问题。

关键词: 社会保障功能, 农业类型区, 耕地资产, 空间分异, 农地边际化

Abstract:

Under the background of a large population and scarce land resources and the dual structure of land property right, the cultivated land resources in China have been the lifeline of farmers, and their social security function is considered the stabilizer of society. But this view has been increasingly questioned in recent years. The capability of cultivated land as a security for farmers depends on its assets value. In the past few years, the phenomena of cropland abandonment and rent-free land transfer became increasingly prominent, indicating that the assets value of cultivated land in some areas has declined. Therefore, it is urgent to acquire detailed data in order to systematically and quantitatively examine the social security function of cultivated land assets for Chinese farmers. Taking the cultivated land with contracting rights as an asset for farmers, this study selected four agricultural regions (suburban agriculture, intensive agriculture, plain field agriculture, and mountain agriculture) and 1025 farming households in a survey to reveal the spatial differentiation characteristics of the social security function of cultivated land. The results show that: 1) As a means of production, there are significant differences in the yield from cultivated land assets in different agricultural regions. The proportion of the yield from cultivated land in household total income is no more than 50% and only less than 7% in mountainous areas. 2) For old-age security, there is also a big difference in different agricultural regions. The contribution rate of cultivated land as old-age security is less than 30%, and it is less than 3% in mountainous areas. 3) With regard to its financial mortgage function, taking the 200000 yuan capital demand for a farming household as an example, the average eligible loan amount from cultivated land assets meets no more than 20% of this need, and only 1% in the mountainous areas. At present, the social security function of farmers' cultivated land assets is very limited, and the social security theory of cultivated land needs to be re-examined. This will help us to make scientific judgments on the rural land security function in the new era. With the continued advancement of urbanization, the yield and assets value of cultivated land for farmers show persistent differentiation in different agricultural regions, especially due to the marginalization of cultivated land in mountainous areas. How to slow the cropland abandonment and depreciation of cultivated land assets in mountainous areas needs to be researched during the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

Key words: social security function, agricultural regions, cultivated land assets, spatial differentiation, land marginalization