城市和区域多中心研究进展

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在城镇快速扩张和交通通信技术迅猛发展的背景下,许多城市和区域呈现出多中心的趋势;在城市和区域规划实践中,多中心也成为广泛应用的空间政策工具。论文回顾了国内外城市和区域多中心的研究进展,首先从研究尺度和中心重要性的界定出发,辨析了城市内和城市间、形态和功能多中心的内涵;而后分别从新中心的产生和既有中心一体化的角度解析了城市和区域多中心的形成和演化机制;进而总结了实证研究中多中心的识别和测量方法、城市和区域空间结构单中心化与多中心化的分异以及多中心绩效评估等领域的进展与不足。文章最后提出了多中心研究的拓展方向：明晰多中心概念并进行合理测度、比较空间结构演化的分异并剖析内在机制、对多中心的绩效进行多维度系统评估。

关键词: 多中心城市, 多中心城市区域, 概念内涵, 演化机制, 绩效评估

Abstract:

Spatial configuration has a significant impact on the efficient and balanced development of cities and regions. Following the rapid expansion of urban areas and the development of transportation and communication technologies, polycentricity has become the dominant trend of spatial restructuring in many cities and regions. Meanwhile, it has been adopted widely as an important tool of spatial configuration in urban and regional planning. However, the concept of "polycentricity", despite its wide usage in the literature, remains to be confusing and needs to be clarified. Moreover, there is no consensus on the prevalence and advantages of the polycentric form of city and regional spatial structure compared with those of the monocentric counterpart. This article reviewed the research related to polycentricity in Chinese and international literature to get a systematic comprehension of this concept. First, it analyzed the connotation of intra-city and inter-city polycentricity, morphological and functional polycentricity based on the definition of research scale and importance of centers. Second, this article reviewed the evolution mechanism of polycentric city and urban region from the perspectives of the generation of new centers and the integration of existing centers. Third, it summarized the various tools of identifying and measuring polycentricity, the development trend and performance of city and regional spatial structure. Finally, the future research prospects are proposed: 1) Defining polycentricity clearly and measuring it appropriately with some new data and tools to make the results more accurate and comparable. 2) Comparing the variation of city and regional spatial structures and analyzing the causes from the perspectives of agent's decisions and the comprehensive effect of the spatial distribution of various economic factors. 3) Evaluating the performance of polycentricity comprehensively, which means taking the environment and socioeconomic background of cities and regions into consideration when exploring the advantages and disadvantages of polycentricity in multiple perspectives.

Key words: polycentric city, polycentric urban region, conception and connotation, evolution mechanism, performance evaluation

卓云霞, 刘涛. 城市和区域多中心研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(8): 1385-1396.

ZHUO Yunxia, LIU Tao. Polycentric city and region: A review and appraisal[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(8): 1385-1396.

图/表 1

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文献	主要观点	内涵
Kloosterman 等^[30]	由许多历史上不同的城市组成,这些城市相互靠近(在通勤距离内);没有一个在政治、经济、文化和其他方面占明显主导地位的城市,而是由少数在规模或经济上没有太大差异的较大城市和较多小城市组成;组成城市不仅在空间上分离,而且是独立的政治实体	形态多中心
Parr^[31]	相互分离但相邻的城市中心形成一个集群;城市中心之间存在距离上限和下限;给定中心间距,PUR的城市中心要比基准区域的大;各中心规模的不平等水平低于基准区域;中心间经济互动或联系水平高于基准区域内同规模城市;中心专业化指数高于基准区域内同规模城市	形态和功能多中心
Meijers^[32]	是一种城市网络,是位于彼此功能性腹地内的相邻城市系统	功能多中心
ESPON^[33]	不仅在形态上存在1个以上的中心,还必须有城市网络和合作	形态和功能多中心
Green^[34]	区域须包含1个以上的节点,且这些节点须在功能上相互联系	功能多中心