人文地理学的“神经转向”研究进展及启示

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.07.011

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 1182-1195.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.07.011

人文地理学的“神经转向”研究进展及启示

王敏¹(), 林铭亮², 朱竑³^,^*()

1. 华南师范大学地理科学学院,广州 510631
2. 华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 200241
3. 广州大学华南人文地理与城市发展研究中心,广州 510006

收稿日期:2019-05-23 修回日期:2019-07-26 出版日期:2020-07-28 发布日期:2020-09-28
通讯作者: 朱竑
作者简介:王敏(1981— ),女,广东汕头人,副教授,博士,研究方向为社会文化地理与城乡规划。E-mail: wminmin@m.scnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871127);国家自然科学基金项目(41630635);国家自然科学基金项目(41601133)

Research progress and implication of the “neural turn” in human geography

WANG Min¹(), LIN Mingliang², ZHU Hong³^,^*()

1. School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
2. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3. Centre for Human Geography and Urban Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China

Received:2019-05-23 Revised:2019-07-26 Online:2020-07-28 Published:2020-09-28
Contact: ZHU Hong
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871127);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41630635);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601133)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“神经转向”是在后现代语境下提出的,运用神经机制诠释人的心智与空间的关系,超越“社会文化”与“生物神经”的边界,强调情感、身体、“非理性”等的主体特征,为人文地理学研究提供了新的认识论和方法论。同时,人文地理学研究的“空间传统”有益于对批判神经科学关于“心智—大脑—环境”的理解产生知识溢出,实现学科交叉的良性循环。论文梳理了国内外涉及神经科学理论与方法的人文地理学研究,基于具身认知和非表征理论分析人文地理学中“神经转向”研究的理论基础,并围绕空间感知、情感认知、行为实践等主题进行介绍。另外,神经科学技术手段为人文地理学研究提供了新的方法,大脑成像、眼动追踪技术已经在地理学科中得到应用,呈现可期的未来愿景。最后,论文提出“神经转向”对中国人文地理学研究的理论创新和实践路径的启示。

关键词: 神经科学, 非表征理论, 具身认知, 心智, 行为, 人文地理学

Abstract:

Neuroscience is the science of the 21st century. The theoretical research results of neuroscience are affecting daily life, environment, space, context, and place profoundly. It provides a new way of thinking and method to explain human's mind and behavior. In the context of post-modernism, the understanding of self-consciousness in human geography has become fragmented. Non-presentation theory and embodied cognitive geography claim that in most of the time, people are "unconscious". Subject self-consciousness is irrational, which takes place in the "outflows" daily life world. It emphasizes the showing, performance, and practice of the body. The meaning of the real world should be obtained through embodied cognition and behavior. They found evidence from neuroscience that led to a "neural turn" in geography. The "neural turn" devotes to linking human's mind and behavioral traits to biological evidence. It is different from inter-disciplinary debates that are breaking down the disciplinary boundaries between social culture and natural sciences. The laboratory methods cannot reflect the real world, and the social science methods are difficult to get rid of subjective factors. The "neural turn" can provide a research perspective of combining the-first-person and the-third-person for human geography. This article reviewed the recent studies on the "neural turn" in Western human geography. "Neural turn" research mainly concentrated in three aspects: space perception, embodied affect, and behavior practice. It has involved economic, political, social, cultural, public policy, tourism, and education topics. The application of neuroscience in human geography can also be applied to multiple scales of space such as country, city, community, and body. Neuroscience perspective as a new path is used in urban planning, environmental design, tourism development, and public policy, among others. At the same time, the technical tools of neuroscience have become new data collection methods in human geography. Neural technology can capture imperceptible physiological changes in the human body in order to detect neural activity caused by mind and behavior in a particular environment and context. The collection of physiological data can surmount the representation of text and symbols to discover non-representational results. Brain images and eye tracking technologies have been applied in geography, presenting predictable visions for the future. At present, Chinese human geography pays little attention to neuroscience. This article is hoped to provide some reference and enlightenment for the study of Chinese human geography. The dialogue between neuroscience and human geography is still in its infancy and needs more empirical research. In this process, human geography can carry out more cooperative research to produce more knowledge spillover. At the same time, these studies need to explore the topic of Chinese localization in order to better realize the people-oriented approach in the research and application of Chinese human geography.

Key words: neuroscience, non-representational theories, embodied cognition, mind, behavior, human geography

王敏, 林铭亮, 朱竑. 人文地理学的“神经转向”研究进展及启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1182-1195.

WANG Min, LIN Mingliang, ZHU Hong. Research progress and implication of the “neural turn” in human geography[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(7): 1182-1195.

图/表 2

参考文献 124

[1]	Gazzaniga M, Ivry R, Mangun G, et al. Cognitive neuroscience: The biology of the mind [M]. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 1998.
[2]	陶伟, 王绍续, 朱竑. 身体、身体观以及人文地理学对身体的研究[J]. 地理研究, 2015,34(6):1173-1187. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201506015
	[ Tao Wei, Wang Shaoxu, Zhu Hong. The body, the view of body, and the study of body in human geography. Geographical Research, 2015,34(6):1173-1187. ]
[3]	Rose N, Abirached J M. Neuro: The new brain sciences and the management of the mind [M]. Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press, 2013.
[4]	Callard F, Fitzgerald D. Rethinking interdisciplinarity across the social sciences and neurosciences[M]. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[5]	Ernste H. The pragmatism of life in poststructuralist times[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2004,36:437-450. doi: 10.1068/a3653
[6]	Korf B. A neural turn? On the ontology of the geographical subject[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2008,40(3):715-732. doi: 10.1068/a3938
[7]	Pykett J. Geography and neuroscience: Critical engagements with geography's 'neural turn'[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2017,43(2):154-169. doi: 10.1111/tran.2018.43.issue-2
[8]	Fitzgerald D, Callard F. Social science and neuroscience beyond interdisciplinarity: Experimental entanglements[J]. Theory Culture & Society, 2015,32(1):3-32.
[9]	王丰龙, 刘云刚. 多样vs.分裂: 论中国人文地理学发展的多元性及其挑战[J]. 地理科学, 2019,39(1):22-30. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.01.003
	[ Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Diversity vs. division: The pluralism and its challenges for contemporary Chinese human geography. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019,39(1):22-30. ]
[10]	Kingstone A, Smilek D, Eastwood J D. Cognitive ethology: A new approach for studying human cognition[J]. British Journal of Psychology, 2011,99(3):317-340. doi: 10.1348/000712607X251243
[11]	Murdoch J. Humanising posthumanism[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2004,36(8):1356-1359.
[12]	曾向阳. 意识科学中的研究纲领及其方法论探析[J]. 广东社会科学, 2010(6):49.
	[ Zeng Xiangyang. Exploring the research program and its methodology in science of consciousness. Social Sciences in Guangdong, 2010(6):49. ]
[13]	Choudhury S, Slaby J. Critical neuroscience: A handbook of the social and cultural contexts of neuroscience[M]. New York, USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
[14]	蒋柯. 认知神经科学还原论预设的困境与可能的出路[J]. 苏州大学学报(教育科学版), 2017,5(2):78-85.
	[ Jiang Ke. The predicament of and possible solutions to reductionism presupposition in cognitive neuroscience. Journal of Soochow Unversity (Educational Science Edition), 2017,5(2):78-85. ]
[15]	Wheeler M. Reconstructing the cognitive world: The next step [M]. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 2005.
[16]	Slaby J, Gallagher S. Critical neuroscience and socially extended minds[J]. Theory, Culture & Society, 2015,32(1):33-59.
[17]	Mcdowell K, Lin C T, Oie K S, et al. Real-world neuroimaging technologies[J]. IEEE Access, 2013,1(1):131-149. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260791
[18]	Choudhury S, Nagel S K, Slaby J. Critical neuroscience: Linking neuroscience and society through critical practice[J]. BioSocieties, 2009,4(1):61-77. doi: 10.1017/S1745855209006437
[19]	Davies G. Captivating behaviour: Mouse models, experimental genetics and reductionist returns in the neurosciences[J]. Sociological Review, 2010,58(S1):53-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2010.01911.x
[20]	Seligman R, Kirmayer L J. Dissociative experience and cultural neuroscience: Narrative, metaphor and mechanism[J]. Culture Medicine & Psychiatry, 2008,32(1):31-64.
[21]	Picard R W, Healey J. Affective wearables[J]. Personal Technologies, 1997,1(4):231-240. doi: 10.1007/BF01682026
[22]	Honneth A. Pathologien der vernunft[M]. Frankfurt, Germany: Suhrkamp, 2007.
[23]	Callard F, Margulies D S. The subject at rest: Novel conceptualizations of self and brain from cognitive neuroscience's study of the 'resting state'[J]. Subjectivity, 2011,4(3):227-257. doi: 10.1057/sub.2011.11
[24]	Pykett J. Neurocapitalism and the new neuros: Using neuroeconomics, behavioural economics and picoeconomics for public policy[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2013,13(5):845-869.
[25]	Tanja S, Steve W. Technologies of ironic revelation: Enacting consumers in neuromarkets[J]. Consumption Markets & Culture, 2012,15(2):169-189.
[26]	Ansari D, De Smedt B, Grabner R H. Neuroeducation: A critical overview of an emerging field[J]. Neuroethics, 2012,5(2):105-117.
[27]	Domínguez Duque J F, Turner R, Lewis E D, et al. Neuroanthropology: A humanistic science for the study of the culture-brain nexus[J]. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2009,5(2-3):138-147. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsp024 pmid: 19654141
[28]	Varela F J. Neurophenomenology: A methodological remedy for the hard problem[J]. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 1996,3(4):330-349.
[29]	朱琪, 陈乐优. 神经经济学和神经管理学的前沿[J]. 经济学家, 2007(4):26-30.
	[ Zhu Qi, Chen Leyou. The frontier and development of neuroeconomics and neuromanagement. Economist, 2007(4):26-30. ]
[30]	Bourdieu P. Pascalian meditation [M]. Palo Alto, USA: Stanford University Press, 2000.
[31]	Shilling C. The body and social theory[M]. London, UK: Sage, 2012.
[32]	李其维. “认知革命”与“第二代认知科学”刍议[J]. 心理学报, 2008,40(12):1306-1327.
	[ Li Qiwei. Cognitive revolution and second-generation cognitive science. Acta Psychologica sinaca, 2008,40(12):1306-1327. ]
[33]	袁毓林. 认知科学背景上的语言研究[J]. 当代语言学, 1996(2):1-12.
	[ Yuan Yulin. Language studies in the context of cognitive science. Contemporary Linguistics, 1996(2):1-12. ]
[34]	韩忠太, 张秀芬. 学科互动: 心理学与文化人类学[J]. 云南社会科学, 2002(3):60-65.
	[ Han Zhongtai, Zhang Xiufen. Subject interactivity: Psychology and cultural anthropology. Social Sciences in Yunnan, 2002(3):60-65. ]
[35]	汪民安, 陈永国. 身体转向[J]. 外国文学, 2004,24(1):36-44.
	[ Wang Minan, Chen Yongguo. Body turn. Foreign Literature, 2004,24(1):36-44. ]
[36]	叶浩生. 有关具身认知思潮的理论心理学思考[J]. 心理学报, 2011,43(5):589-598.
	[ Ye Haosheng. Embodied cognition: A consideration from theoretical psychology. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2011,43(5):589-598. ]
[37]	文军. 西方社会学理论: 经典传统与当代转向 [M]. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 2006.
	[ Wen Jun. Western sociological theory: Classical tradition and contemporary turn. Shanghai, China: Shanghai People's Publishing House, 2006. ]
[38]	Merleau-Ponty M. Phénoménologie de la perception[M]. Paris, France: Éditions Gallimard, 1945.
[39]	叶浩生. “具身”涵义的理论辨析[J]. 心理学报, 2014,46(7):1032-1042.
	[ Ye Haosheng. Theoretical analysis of the meaning of embodiment. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 2014,46(7):1032-1042. ]
[40]	Lakoff G, Johnson M. Metaphors we live by [M]. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press, 2008.
[41]	Lawrence R L. Coming full circle: Reclaiming the body[J]. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 2012,134:71-78.
[42]	Longhurst R. (Dis)embodied geographies[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 1997,21(4):486-501. doi: 10.1191/030913297668704177
[43]	Vannini P. Non-representational methodologies: Re-envisioning research[M]. Abingdon, USA: Routledge, 2015.
[44]	Thrift N. Intensities of feeling: Towards a spatial politics of affect[J]. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 2004,86(1):57-78. doi: 10.1111/j.0435-3684.2004.00154.x
[45]	Lorimer H. Cultural geography: The busyness of being 'more-than-representational'[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2005,29(1):83-94. doi: 10.1191/0309132505ph531pr
[46]	Butcher S. Embodied cognitive geographies[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2012,36(1):90-110. doi: 10.1177/0309132511412997
[47]	Thrift N. Non-representational theory: Space, politics, affect[M]. Abingdon, USA: Routledge, 2008.
[48]	王敏, 江荣灏, 朱竑. 新文化地理学中的非表征与再物质化研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019,38(2):153-163. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.02.001
	[ Wang Min, Jiang Ronghao, Zhu Hong. "Non-representational", "re-materializing" and the research methods of new cultural geography. Progress in Geography, 2019,38(2):153-163. ]
[49]	Libet B. Mind time: The temporal factor in consciousness [M]. Cambridge, USA: Harvard University Press, 2004.
[50]	Roth G. Worüber dürfen Hirnforscher reden-und in welcher Weise?[J]. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie, 2004,52(2):223-234.
[51]	Gray J. Straw dogs: Thoughts on humans and other animals[M]. London, UK: Granta Books, 2003.
[52]	Corballis M C. Mirror neurons and the evolution of language[J]. Brain & Language, 2010,112(1):25-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.02.002 pmid: 19342089
[53]	Uchino B N. Foundations in social neuroscience [M]. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 2002.
[54]	柴彦威, 塔娜. 中国行为地理学研究近期进展[J]. 干旱区地理, 2011,34(1):1-11.
	[ Chai Yanwei, Ta Na. Recent progress of behavioral geographic research in China. Arid Land Geography, 2011,34(1):1-11. ]
[55]	柴彦威, 颜亚宁, 冈本耕平. 西方行为地理学的研究历程及最新进展[J]. 人文地理, 2008,23(6):1-6.
	[ Chai Yanwei, Yan Yaning, Okamoto Kohei. Development of Behavioral geographic research in Western Countries and its recent progress. Human Geography, 2008,23(6):1-6. ]
[56]	申悦, 柴彦威. 基于日常活动空间的社会空间分异研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018,37(6):853-862. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.06.012
	[ Shen Yue, Chai Yanwei. Progress of research on sociospatial differentiation based on daily activity space of urban residents. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(6):853-862. ]
[57]	胡正凡, 林玉莲. 环境心理学 [M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012: 3-10.
	[ Hu Zhengfan, Lin Yulian. Environmental psychology. Beijing, China: China Architecture & Building Press, 2012: 3-10. ]
[58]	叶浩生. 认知心理学: 困境与转向[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2010,28(1):42-47.
	[ Ye Haosheng. Cognitive psychology: Predicament and transformation. Journal of East China Normal University (Educational Sciences Edition), 2010,28(1):42-47. ]
[59]	Sholl M J. Landmarks, places, environments: Multiple mind—Brain systems for spatial orientation[J]. Geoforum, 1992,23(2):151-164. doi: 10.1016/0016-7185(92)90013-T
[60]	Mealey J B, Cohen M M, Jordan K. Effects of map orientation during learning on airport identification[J]. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine, 1998,69(2):104-110.
[61]	Zeisel J. Marketing therapeutic environments for Alzheimer's care[J]. Journal of Architectural & Planning Research, 2003,20(1):75-86.
[62]	Hillier B. Studying cities to learn about minds: Some possible implications of space syntax for spatial cognition[J]. Environment & Planning B, 2012,39(1):12-32.
[63]	Tang I C, Tsai Y P, Lin Y J, et al. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to analyze brain region activity when viewing landscapes[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2017,162:137-144. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.02.007
[64]	Dadvand P, Pujol J, Macià D, et al. The association between lifelong greenspace exposure and 3-dimensional brain magnetic resonance imaging in Barcelona schoolchildren[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2018,126(2):12-27.
[65]	王敏, 王盈蓄, 黄海燕, 等. 基于眼动实验方法的城市开敞空间视觉研究: 广州花城广场案例[J]. 热带地理, 2018,38(6):741-750. doi: 10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.003081
	[ Wang Min, Wang Yingxu, Huang Haiyan, et al. A visual analysis on the urban open spaces: With an eye-tracking experiment on the case study of the Flower City Square, Guangzhou. Tropical Geography, 2018,38(6):741-750. ]
[66]	龙瀛, 叶宇. 人本尺度城市形态:测度、效应评估及规划设计响应[J]. 南方建筑, 2016(5):41-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2016.05.041
	[ Long Ying, Ye Yu. Human-scale urban form measurements, performances, and urban planning & design interventions. South Architecture, 2016(5):41-47. ]
[67]	Greenwald A G, Banaji M R. Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes[J]. Psychological Review, 1995,102(1):4-27. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.102.1.4 pmid: 7878162
[68]	朱竑, 高权. 西方地理学“情感转向”与情感地理学研究述评[J]. 地理研究, 2015,34(7):1394-1406. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201507017
	[ Zhu Hong, Gao Quan. Review on "emotional turn" and emotional geographies in recent western geography. Geographical Research, 2015,34(7):1394-1406. ]
[69]	Thrift N, Dewsbury J D. Dead geographies and how to make them live again[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2000,18(4):411-432. doi: 10.1068/d1804ed
[70]	Davidson R J, Sutton S K. Affective neuroscience: The emergence of a discipline[J]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1995,5(2):217-224. doi: 10.1016/0959-4388(95)80029-8 pmid: 7620310
[71]	Lakoff G, Johnson M. Philosophy in the Flesh[M]. New York, USA: Basic Books, 1999.
[72]	Johnson M, Lakoff G. Why cognitive linguistics requires embodied realism[J]. Cognitive Linguistics, 2002,13(3):245-264.
[73]	Connolly W E. Neuropolitics: Thinking, culture, speed [M]. Minnesota, USA: University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
[74]	Lengen C, Kistemann T. Sense of place and place identity: Review of neuroscientific evidence[J]. Health & Place, 2012,18(5):1162-1171. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.01.012 pmid: 22440778
[75]	Pykett J, Enright B. Geographies of brain culture: Optimism and optimisation in workplace training programmes[J]. Cultural Geographies, 2016,23(1):51-68. doi: 10.1177/1474474015591122
[76]	王敏, 林钿, 江荣灏, 等. 传统节庆、身体与展演空间: 基于人文地理学视觉量化方法的研究[J]. 地理学报, 2017,72(4):671-684. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201704009
	[ Wang Min, Lin Tian, Jiang Ronghao, et al. Analysis of the traditional festival, body and performative space: A human geographical method from the perspective of visual quantitative research. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(4):671-684. ]
[77]	Montag C, Diefenbach S. Towards homo digitalis: Important research issues for psychology and the neurosciences at the dawn of the internet of things and the digital society[J]. Sustainability, 2018,10(2):415. doi: 10.3390/su10020415. doi: 10.3390/su10020415
[78]	Walls A R, Okumus F, Wang Y. Cognition and affect interplay: A framework for the tourist vacation decision-making process[J]. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2011,28(5):567-582.
[79]	Naqvi N, Shiv B, Bechara A. The role of emotion in decision making: A cognitive neuroscience perspective[J]. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2006,15(5):260-264. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00448.x
[80]	Pearce P L. The experience of visiting home and familiar places[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2012,39(2):1024-1047. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.11.018
[81]	Goggin C L, Please P M, Ridges M J, et al. Connecting with country in Mungo national park, Australia: A case study to measure the emotional dimension of experience and place attachment[J]. Local Environment, 2017,22(2):1-20.
[82]	程国宇, 安宁, 林铭亮. 基于影视作品的情感地缘政治研究: 以三部中国海外军事行动题材的电影为例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2019,28(4):65-75.
	[ Cheng Guoyu, An Ning, Lin Mingliang. An emotional geopolitical research on films: Taking three Chinese overseas military operations themed films as examples. World Regional Studies, 2019,28(4):65-75. ]
[83]	Pain R. Globalized fear? Towards an emotional geopolitics[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2009,33(4):466-486. doi: 10.1177/0309132508104994
[84]	Ivakhiv A. From frames to resonance machines: The neuropolitics of environmental communication[J]. Environmental Communication, 2010,4(1):109-121. doi: 10.1080/17524030903516530
[85]	Barr S, Prillwitz J. A smarter choice? Exploring the behaviour change agenda for environmentally sustainable mobility[J]. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 2014,32(1):1-19.
[86]	Gagen E A. Governing emotions: Citizenship, neuroscience and the education of youth[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2015,40(1):140-152. doi: 10.1111/tran.2014.40.issue-1
[87]	Bille F. Territorial phantom pains (and other cartographic anxieties)[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2014,32(1):163-178. doi: 10.1068/d20112
[88]	Pykett J. Brain culture: Shaping policy through neuroscience [M]. Bristol, UK: Policy Press, 2015: 1-36.
[89]	Isin E F. The neurotic citizen[J]. Citizenship Studies, 2004,8(3):217-235. doi: 10.1080/1362102042000256970
[90]	Philo C. A 'new Foucault' with lively implications or 'the crawfish advances sideways'[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2012,37(4):496-514. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00484.x
[91]	Simon H A. A behavioral model of rational choice[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1955,69(1):99-118. doi: 10.2307/1884852
[92]	李小建, 苗长虹. 西方经济地理学新进展及其启示[J]. 地理学报, 2004,59(S1):153-161.
	[ Li Xiaojian, Miao Changhong. Recent developments in western economic geographies and theoretical thinking for China's counterpart. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2004,59(S1):153-161. ]
[93]	Ross D, Sharp C, Vuchinich R, et al. Midbrain mutiny: The picoeconomics and neuroeconomics of disordered gambling [M]. Cambridge, USA: MIT Press, 2008.
[94]	Glimcher P W, Ernst F. Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain [M]. Academic Press, 2013.
[95]	Basso F, Guillou L, Oullier O. Embodied entrepreneurship: A sensory theory of value [M]// Stanton A A, Day M, Welpe I M. Neuroeconomics and the Firm. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010: 217-232.
[96]	Clark G L. Human nature, the environment, and behaviour: Explaining the scope and geographical scale of financial decision-making[J]. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 2010,92(2):159-173. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-0467.2010.00340.x
[97]	Lewis N. Myopia and the global financial crisis: Short-termism, context-specific reasoning, and market structure[J]. Dialogues in Human Geography, 2011,1(1):35-37. doi: 10.1177/2043820610386324
[98]	Proffitt D R. Embodied perception and the economy of action[J]. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2006,1(2):110-122. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00008.x pmid: 26151466
[99]	Oullier O, Sauneron S. Improving public health prevention with behavioural, cognitive and neuroscience[M]. Paris, France: Centre d'Analyse Stratégique, 2010.
[100]	Grasso M. Climate ethics: With a little help from moral cognitive neuroscience[J]. Environmental Politics, 2013,22(3):377-393. doi: 10.1080/09644016.2012.730263
[101]	Yalachkov Y, Naumer M J, Plyushteva A. The compulsive habit of cars[J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2014,18(5):227-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.01.008. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2014.01.008
[102]	Jones R, Pykett J, Whitehead M. Changing behaviours: On the rise of the psychological state [M]. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2013.
[103]	Berndt C. Behavioural economics, experimentalism and the marketization of development[J]. Economy and Society, 2015,44(4):567-591. doi: 10.1080/03085147.2015.1043794
[104]	陈巍. 认知神经科学技术在心理学上的应用[J]. 心理技术与应用, 2013(2):32-34.
	[ Chen Wei. The application of cognitive neuroscience techniques in psychology. Psychology: Techniques and Applications, 2013(2):32-34. ]
[105]	刘宝根, 周兢, 李菲菲. 脑功能成像的新方法: 功能性近红外光谱技术(fNIRS)[J]. 心理科学, 2011(4):943-949.
	[ Liu Baogen, Zhou Jing, Li Feifei. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: An Emerging Functional Neuroimaging Technology. Journal of Psychological Science, 2011(4):943-949. ]
[106]	Roberts A C, Christopoulos G I, Car J, et al. Psycho-biological factors associated with underground spaces: What can the new era of cognitive neuroscience offer to their study?[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2016,55(1):118-134. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2015.12.016
[107]	Brett M, Johnsrude I S, Owen A M. The problem of functional localization in the human brain[J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2002,3(3):243-249. doi: 10.1038/nrn756 pmid: 11994756
[108]	张泽宝. 医学影像物理学 [M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2000.
	[ Zhang Zebao. Medical imaging physics. Beijing, China: People's Medical Publishing House, 2000. ]
[109]	Lederbogen F, Kirsch P, Haddad L, et al. City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans[J]. Nature, 2011,474:498-501. doi: 10.1038/nature10190 pmid: 21697947
[110]	王敏, 江荣灏, 朱竑. 人文地理学的“视觉”研究进展与启示[J]. 人文地理, 2017,32(3):10-19.
	[ Wang Min, Jiang Ronghao, Zhu Hong. A review and revelation of the study of visual in human geography. Human Geography, 2017,32(3):10-19. ]
[111]	李奇, 耿海燕. 视觉意识的认知神经科学研究进展[J]. 自然科学进展, 2008,18(11):1211-1219.
	[ Li Qi, Geng Haiyan. Advances in the cognitive neuroscience of visual awareness. Progress in Natural Science, 2008,18(11):1211-1219. ]
[112]	董卫华, 廖华, 詹智成, 等. 2008年以来地图学眼动与视觉认知研究新进展[J]. 地理学报, 2019,74(3):599-614. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201903015
	[ Dong Weihua, Liao Hua, Zhan Zhicheng, et al. New research progress of eye tracking-based map cognition in cartography since 2008. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019,74(3):599-614. ]
[113]	李伟, 陈毓芬. 地图学眼动研究及实验参数解析[J]. 测绘通报, 2012(10):16-20.
	[ Li Wei, Chen Yufen. Cartography eye movements study and the experimental parameters analysis. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2012(10):16-20. ]
[114]	王君怡, 林岚, 高华, 等. 大学生旅游地图空间符号认知的群体差异研究: 基于眼动实验数据分析[J]. 旅游学刊, 2016,31(3):97-105. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-5006.2016.03.016
	[ Wang Junyi, Lin Lan, Gao Hua, et al. Differences in college students' spatial symbol cognition of tourism map: Based on experimental data from an eye-movement tracking system. Tourism Tribune, 2016,31(3):97-105. ]
[115]	Wang Y, Sparks B A. An eye-tracking study of tourism photo stimuli image characteristics and ethnicity[J]. Journal of Travel Research, 2016,55(5):588-602. doi: 10.1177/0047287514564598
[116]	王敏, 江冰婷, 朱竑. 基于视觉研究方法的工业遗产旅游地空间感知探讨: 广州红专厂案例[J]. 旅游学刊, 2017,32(10):28-38.
	[ Wang Min, Jiang Bingting, Zhu Hong. The spatial perception of tourism destination based on visual methodology: The case study of Guangzhou redtory. Tourism Tribune, 2017,32(10):28-38. ]
[117]	Wang M, Zhao M, Lin M, et al. Seeking lost memories: Application of a new visual methodology for heritage protection[J]. Geographical Review, 2020. doi: 10.1080/ 00167428.2020.1715800. pmid: 11617004
[118]	Bodor P, Illes A. Possibilities of analyzing visual conduct with an eyetracker device: searching for visual dialects[J]. Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 2008,44(2):197-213.
[119]	Wulff-Jensen A. Data conversion tool for Tobii pro glasses 2 live data files: From .json to .txt [R/OL]. Technical Report, 2016. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.26895.28321.
[120]	Knez I, Niedenthal S. Lighting in digital game worlds: Effects on affect and play performance[J]. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 2008,11(2):129-137.
[121]	周尚意, 苏娴. 面向城市基调管控的建筑群色彩感知和意义理解分析: 以北京故宫建筑群为例[J]. 人文地理, 2019,34(4):32-39.
	[ Zhou Shangyi, Su Xian. The color perception and color meaning awareness analysis of architectures for urban context planning: A case of the forbidden city in Beijing. Human Geography, 2019,34(4):32-39. ]
[122]	Roepstorff A, Frith C. Neuroanthropology or simply anthropology? Going experimental as method, as object of study, and as research aesthetic[J]. Anthropological Theory, 2012,12(1):101-111. doi: 10.1177/1463499612436467
[123]	Von Scheve C. Sociology of neuroscience or neurosociology? [M]// Rothman B K. Sociological reflections on the neurosciences. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 2011: 255-278.
[124]	Roberts A C, Christopoulos G I. Comment on "Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to analyze brain region activity when viewing landscapes"[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2018,172:25-28. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.12.006

观测对象	方法名称	原理	数据产物	应用
大脑	计算机断层扫描(CT/CAT)、磁共振脑成像(MRI)、功能性脑成像(fMRI)、功能性近红外光谱技术(fNIRS)	利用大脑在认知事件刺激下发生的磁性、电流或新陈代谢变化进行测定	大脑图像	观测特定脑区的变化,从而判断环境刺激与对应大脑功能的关系
大脑	脑电图(EEG)、事件相关电位(ERP)	记录神经突触活动产生的电流	脑电变化过程数据	观测大脑处理认知事件的应激变化
皮肤	皮肤电活动(EDA)	人的皮肤微弱的电流活动受到认知、情绪变化的影响而变化	皮肤电变化过程数据	观测情绪、认知变化过程
心脏	心率(HR)、心率变异系数(HRV)	心脏的舒缩会引起动脉血管内的压力变化,从而导致管壁发生搏动	心率变化数据	观测情绪变化过程
眼球	眼动仪(Eye-tracking)	捕捉人眼球反射的红外线	视觉指标、瞳孔数据、注视点轨迹和热点图	观测眼球运动过程,推导认知和情感的变化

人文地理学的“神经转向”研究进展及启示

Research progress and implication of the “neural turn” in human geography

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 2

参考文献 124

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	王成, 谢波. 土地利用视角下城市交通事故驱动机理的研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(9): 1597-1606.
[2]	宋臻, 史兴民. 雨养农业区农户的气候变化适应行为及影响因素路径分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(3): 461-473.
[3]	张晶飞, 张丽君, 秦耀辰, 王霞, 孙莹莹, 荣培君. 知行分离视角下郑州市居民低碳行为影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(2): 265-275.
[4]	曹晨, 甄峰, 汪侠, 姜玉培. 基于结构方程模型的南京市就业者通勤行为特征对健康的影响研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 2043-2053.
[5]	柴彦威, 李春江, 张艳. 社区生活圈的新时间地理学研究框架[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(12): 1961-1971.
[6]	申犁帆, 张纯, 李赫, 王烨, 王子甲. 城市轨道交通通勤与职住平衡状况的关系研究——基于大数据方法的北京实证分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(6): 791-806.
[7]	李智轩, 胡宏. 基于计划行为理论的城市居住分异对居民健康活动的影响研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(11): 1712-1725.
[8]	刘晓凤, 葛岳静, 胡伟, 黄宇, 马腾. 非国家行为体的地缘政治空间影响及实现路径[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(11): 1735-1746.
[9]	钟炜菁, 王德. 基于居民行为周期特征的城市空间研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(8): 1106-1118.
[10]	杨喜平, 方志祥. 移动定位大数据视角下的人群移动模式及城市空间结构研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(7): 880-889.
[11]	申悦, 柴彦威. 基于日常活动空间的社会空间分异研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(6): 853-862.
[12]	王成, 马小苏, 唐宁, 李颢颖, 周明茗, 何焱洲. 农户行为视角下的乡村生产空间系统运行机制及重构启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 636-646.
[13]	龙花楼, 屠爽爽. 乡村重构的理论认知[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 581-590.
[14]	季珏, 高晓路, 徐匆匆, 许士翔, 汤飞. 基于疏散行为的震灾避难场所服务效率评价[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(8): 965-973.
[15]	朱宇, 丁金宏, 王桂新, 沈建法, 林李月, 柯文前. 近40年来的中国人口地理学——一个跨学科研究领域的进展^①[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(4): 466-482.