1980—2018年海南岛人类活动强度时空变化特征及其驱动机制

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.04.004

地理科学进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 567-576.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.04.004

1980—2018年海南岛人类活动强度时空变化特征及其驱动机制

刘采¹^,²(), 张海燕³^,^*(), 李迁¹

^1. 中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京 100083
^2. 成都理工大学,成都 610059
^3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2019-04-24 修回日期:2019-07-23 出版日期:2020-04-28 发布日期:2020-09-07
通讯作者: 张海燕
作者简介:刘采(1987— ),女,北京人,博士生,工程师,主要研究方向为遥感地质。E-mail: cindy676@126.com
基金资助:
中国地质调查局项目(DD20190705);中国博士后面上基金项目(2019M650820)

Spatiotemporal characteristics of human activity intensity and its driving mechanism in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018

LIU Cai¹^,²(), ZHANG Haiyan³^,^*(), LI Qian¹

^1. China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China
^2. College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
^3. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2019-04-24 Revised:2019-07-23 Online:2020-04-28 Published:2020-09-07
Contact: ZHANG Haiyan
Supported by:
China Geological Survey Project(DD20190705);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M650820)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定量评价区域人类活动强度,可反映人与环境关系的变化,为土地利用政策制定和生态环境建设提供科学依据。论文基于1 km分辨率的土地利用/土地覆被数据,从总体变化、空间自相关性及影响因素等方面对海南岛1980—2018年人类活动强度进行分析研究。结果表明：① 2018年,海南岛土地利用/土地覆被类型以林地和耕地为主,分别占研究区总面积的62.85%和25.27%。1980—2018年间,仅有城乡、工矿和居民用地面积出现大幅度增加,其他类型面积均减少,其中耕地和草地减少的面积较大,分别减少397.81 km²和303.02 km²。② 1980年海南岛人类活动强度为10.54%,2018年达到12.86%,增长了22.01%。2000年以前基本保持不变,2010年以后增长迅速。③ 近40 a间海南岛人类活动强度空间分布格局具有四周高、中间低的特点,并具有显著的空间集聚特征,人类活动强度变化热点地区主要集中在海口市、三亚市等城市建设迅速地区。④ 海南岛人类活动强度主要受政府政策、人口增长、经济发展等因素的驱动。

关键词: 人类活动强度, 土地利用/土地覆被, 海南岛

Abstract:

Quantitative assessment of regional human activity intensity can reflect the relationship between people and environment, which can provide a scientific basis for landuse-related decision making and eco-environment construction. Based on the land use/land cover data with 1 km resolution, we quantitatively evaluated the spatial-temporal features of human activity intensity in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018. On this basis, we analyzed the overall change and spatial correlation of human activity intensity and explored its driving mechanism. The results showed that: 1) The main types of land use were woodland and farmland in the study area in 2018, accounting for 62.85% and 25.27%, respectively. Only bulit-up land increased sharply, and areas of all other land use types reduced from 1980 to 2018. The areal reductions of farmland and grassland were the largest and the decreases were 397.81 km² and 303.02 km², respectively. 2) Human activity intensity gradually increased from 10.54% (1980) to 12.86% (2018), risen by 22.01%. Before 2000, it was relatively stable and after that, it grew fast. 3) The spatial distribution of human activity intensity was high in the coastal areas and low in the central part of the island. Human activity intensity showed significant spatial agglomeration effect and the hotspots were concentrated mainly in areas of rapid urban development, such as Haikou City and Sanya City. 4) The human activity intensity in Hainan Island was mainly driven by government policy, rapid population growth, economic development, and so on.

Key words: human activity intensity, land use/land cover, Hainan Island

刘采, 张海燕, 李迁. 1980—2018年海南岛人类活动强度时空变化特征及其驱动机制[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(4): 567-576.

LIU Cai, ZHANG Haiyan, LI Qian. Spatiotemporal characteristics of human activity intensity and its driving mechanism in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(4): 567-576.

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年份/时段	耕地	林地	草地	水域	城乡/工矿/居民用地	未利用土地
1980年	8963.86	21236.26	1467.84	1425.42	615.54	191.37
1990年	9077.67	21536.89	1420.29	1092.91	606.84	165.68
1995年	8497.41	21923.51	1397.70	1259.72	643.26	178.68
2000年	8915.15	21707.41	1213.71	1161.94	752.72	149.35
2005年	8908.82	21860.63	1167.04	1042.61	799.77	121.42
2010年	8827.45	21722.22	1132.80	1256.23	841.14	120.45
2015年	8681.89	21534.99	1130.91	1261.32	1175.70	115.48
2018年	8566.04	21305.84	1164.82	1424.87	1292.37	146.34
1980—2018年	-397.81	69.58	-303.02	-0.55	676.83	-45.03
	(-4.44%)	(0.33%)	(-20.64%)	(-0.04%)	(109.96%)	(-23.53%)

县域	1980年	1990年	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2018年	近40 a变化
海口县	14.95	16.05	18.14	16.91	17.10	18.54	20.76	21.64	6.69
文昌市	16.03	15.85	13.10	16.23	16.51	16.73	19.17	20.56	4.53
儋州县	15.72	15.69	16.98	15.83	16.24	16.01	17.05	18.67	2.95
临高县	17.51	17.52	17.64	18.13	18.20	17.98	18.80	17.93	0.41
定安县	16.23	16.45	15.52	16.47	16.63	16.62	16.89	17.52	1.29
澄迈县	13.08	12.77	12.43	13.09	13.18	13.29	14.24	14.72	1.64
陵水黎族自治区	11.75	11.90	9.83	11.89	12.44	12.38	13.55	13.60	1.86
三亚市	7.58	7.64	7.68	8.02	9.41	9.35	10.64	13.29	5.72
万宁市	10.03	9.50	7.93	11.11	11.44	11.62	12.73	12.73	2.69
琼海县	10.64	10.52	7.40	11.02	11.34	11.38	12.12	12.32	1.69
东方市	9.46	8.96	9.42	10.08	10.83	10.23	10.73	12.04	2.58
昌江县	9.11	9.25	9.43	9.74	9.57	9.67	10.41	10.35	1.23
屯昌县	9.12	9.04	9.10	9.43	9.57	9.46	10.05	10.26	1.14
乐东黎族自治区	8.19	8.31	7.46	8.28	8.65	8.44	8.61	8.72	0.53
白沙县	5.66	5.54	5.59	5.47	5.59	5.44	5.69	5.96	0.30
琼中县	3.74	3.87	3.03	3.91	3.83	3.85	4.21	4.55	0.80
保亭县	3.34	3.35	2.80	3.45	3.72	3.56	3.89	4.30	0.97
五指山市	2.60	2.32	2.07	2.81	2.66	2.70	2.85	2.84	0.23

指标	1980年	1990年	1995年	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2018年	1980—2018年	1980—2000年	2000—2018年
Moran's I	0.27	0.32	0.33	0.29	0.32	0.30	0.30	0.34	0.11	0.20	0.07
Z	147.74	115.06	140.06	158.47	115.75	167.13	164.78	125.12	40.02	111.66	26.28
P	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

自变量	回归模型	R²	显著性	相关系数
GDP	y=0.001x+10.212	0.777^**	0.009	0.882^**
总人口	y=0.006x+6.537	0.791^**	0.007	0.890^**
农业总产值	y=0.002x+10.077	0.828^**	0.004	0.910^**
工业总产值	y=9.205E-08x+10.216	0.729^*	0.012	0.866^*
旅游业收入	y=0.003x+10.413	0.768^*	0.022	0.876^*
矿产产值	y=2.686E-06x+10.419	0.468	0.134	0.684
城镇化率	y=0.046x+9.156	0.845^**	0.003	0.919^**
固定资产投资总额	y=5.653E-08x+10.368	0.694^*	0.020	0.833^*
第一产业产值占GDP比重	y=-0.6x+12.986	0.668^*	0.025	-0.817^*
第二产业产值占GDP比重	y=0.158x+7.301	0.372	0.146	0.610
第三产业产值占GDP比重	y=0.075x+7.683	0.659^*	0.027	0.812^*

1980—2018年海南岛人类活动强度时空变化特征及其驱动机制

Spatiotemporal characteristics of human activity intensity and its driving mechanism in Hainan Island from 1980 to 2018

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