大都市城乡融合区空间演进及内在关联性测度——基于武汉市夜间灯光数据

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大都市城乡融合区时空演变及其内在空间关联性研究对避免城市低效蔓延式发展、实现空间结构协同和精明增长有重大意义。论文以武汉市城乡融合区为研究对象,基于NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光强度表征都市要素配置及运行效率和效益,利用引力模型测度2016—2018年各城乡融合区空间关联强度,分析各城乡融合区空间联系势能时空演变趋势和社会经济区位度变化。研究结果表明：① 武汉市城乡融合区面积在2016—2018年间扩大了28.10%,小斑块区域逐渐整合,区域发展连续性增强,总体向西北方向扩展最为显著;② 武汉市城乡融合区之间的空间联系网络结构整体上趋向“多中心”分布,这一过程源于各城乡融合区的经济发展水平、城镇化发展规模和交通通达性变化,东湖新技术开发区、中法武汉生态示范城、武汉临空经济区等在此过程中是各城乡融合区的区域发展引擎;③ 武汉市城乡融合区空间联系强度整体上逐年上升,空间联系整体格局从武洪区和江夏区的“大小中心”结构过渡到江夏区—武洪区—蔡汉区—江黄区—江硚东区的“外围圈层式”结构,但洪山区和江夏区作为武汉市城乡融合区中心区域,未能形成多方向空间辐射力和吸引力,对其他地区的带动明显不足;④ 各城乡融合区社会经济区位度变化显示,现行武汉市都市发展区规划实施成效在北部、西部和东北部城乡融合区较为显著。

关键词: 空间关联, 引力模型, NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光, 城乡融合区, 武汉市

Abstract:

Research on the spatial-temporal change and intrinsic spatial correlation of metropolitan urban-rural integration zones can help cities to avoid inefficient sprawling development and achieve spatial structure coordination and smart growth. Taking the desakota region in Wuhan City as the case, we used the National Polar-Orbiting Partnership / Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP/VIIRS) nighttime light data to assess urban factor allocation and operational efficiency and effectiveness. This study then detected the spatial correlation intensity, spatial-temporal change of spatial connection potential, and the change of socioeconomic location index of the urban-rural integration areas during 2016-2018 using the gravity model. The results show that: 1) The desakota regions in Wuhan City have expanded by 28.10%, and sprawl most significantly to the northwest during 2016-2018. This process is characterized by the integration of small plaques and the enhancement of regional development continuity. 2) The spatial connection network structure among desakota regions in Wuhan tends to be polycentric, which originates from the changes of economic development levels, urbanization development scale, and traffic accessibility. Wuhan East Lake High-tech Development Zone, Sino-French Wuhan Ecological Demonstration City, Wuhan Airport Economic Zone and so on are the engine of regional development in a decentralized process. 3) The spatial correlation pattern of urban-rural integration areas in Wuhan has been transformed from the "large and small cores" structure consisted of Wuhong District and Jiangxia District to the "peripheral circle" structure composed of Jiangxia-Wuhong-Caihan-Jianghuang-Jiangqiaodong. The spatial connection intensities of desakoda regions have increased year by year, but Wuhong and Jiangxia Districts, as the core areas of Wuhan urban-rural integration area, failed to develop multi-directional spatial radiation and attractiveness, which led to insufficient positive effects to other areas. 4) The changes of socioeconomic location index of each urban-rural integration area show that the impact of existing Wuhan urban planning is more significant in the northern, western, and northeastern parts of urban-rural integration area.

Key words: spatial correlation, gravity model, NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data, desakota region, Wuhan City

吴燕, 李红波. 大都市城乡融合区空间演进及内在关联性测度——基于武汉市夜间灯光数据[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(1): 13-23.

WU Yan, LI Hongbo. Spatial change and correlations of desakota regions in a metropolitan area using NPP/VIIRS nighttime light data: A case study of Wuhan City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2020, 39(1): 13-23.

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行政区	城乡融合区面积增加值/%	常住人口增加值/%	第二产业增加值/%	第三产业增加值/%	人均可支配收入增加值/%	人均消费增加值/%
江硚东区	43.0	4.0	8.1	8.5	9.1	4.0
蔡汉区	61.9	2.1	8.0	9.6	10.2	2.1
江夏区	27.7	2.1	12.2	9.4	9.6	2.1
江黄区	48.3	2.2	8.1	9.6	10.3	2.2
新洲区	27.3	0.8	8.1	9.9	10.0	0.8

区域	2016年		2017年			2018年
区域	势能	占比/%	势能	占比/%	增长/%	势能	占比/%	增长/%
汉阳区	22.54	5.36	43.64	6.53	93.65	33.04	4.05	-24.28
青山区	30.69	7.29	21.43	3.20	-30.16	25.37	3.11	18.40
武洪区	167.47	39.81	175.17	26.19	4.60	187.06	22.92	6.79
江硚东区	26.53	6.31	93.51	13.98	252.41	102.49	12.56	9.60
蔡汉区	32.59	7.75	94.46	14.12	189.84	139.74	17.12	47.94
江夏区	118.15	28.09	160.27	23.96	35.65	187.74	23.01	17.14
江黄区	17.54	4.17	63.66	9.52	262.92	125.05	15.32	96.43
新洲区	5.16	1.23	16.63	2.49	222.68	15.51	1.90	-6.75