基于危机响应的旅游地社区参与研究——以汶川地震后大九寨环线区域为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游业具有一定的脆弱性和敏感性,易遭受突发危机事件的影响,突发危机事件成为制约旅游业可持续发展的重要影响因素之一。如何防范和应对旅游地突发危机事件,保障旅游业健康发展和旅游地社区生计的可持续性显得尤为重要,其中旅游地社区参与是响应和处置突发危机事件的重要利益相关者之一。基于此,论文以汶川地震后大九寨环线区域的九寨沟、青城山和北川县为案例地,采集556份有效样本,运用社区参与理论和社区恢复理论,以结构方程模型为技术方法,构建了基于危机响应视角的以社区参与获益、社区恢复力和社区依恋为维度的社区参与概念模型。得出如下结论：① 震后旅游地社区参与获益和社区恢复力对社区危机响应与支持旅游业发展具有显著正向作用,其中社区恢复力(0.59,P≤0.001)的作用强于社区获益感知(0.30,P≤0.001);② 社区依恋对社区参与起显著正向作用(0.19,P≤0.001),对社区恢复力和社区参与意向起部分中介效应,而对社区参与获益和社区参与意向不起中介效应;③ 论文提出了基于危机响应的社区参与由参与度、支持度和响应度构成,构建了由地方依恋(Attachment)、社区获益(Benefit)和社区恢复力(Resilience)维度组成的社区参与“ABR”框架模型。研究结果一定程度上拓展了旅游地社区参与研究的边界,对旅游地社区参与和危机管理有一定的理论和实践意义。

关键词: 旅游地, 社区参与, 社区恢复力, 社区依恋, 汶川地震, 大九寨环线区域

Abstract:

Tourism is a sensitive and vulnerable service industry, and crisis events have become one of the important factors that influence and restrict its sustainable development. Tourism industry is also related to the livelihoods and socioeconomic development of local communities. Therefore it is particularly important to prevent and respond to crisis events and ensure the healthy development of tourism. This research took Jiuzhaigou, Qingchengshan and Beichuan Counties as study area and used 556 survey samples after the Richter 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on community participation and community resilience theories and adapting structural equation modeling as a technical method, this study constructed a conceptual framework of community participation based on a crisis response perspective with community participation benefit perception, community resilience, and community attachment as dimensions. The results show that: 1) Post-earthquake community participation benefit perception (0.30, P≤0.001) and community resilience (0.59, P≤0.001) have significant positive effects on local community crisis response and support for tourism development in tourism areas, and the effect of community resilience is stronger than community benefit perception. 2) Community attachment (0.19, P≤0.001) plays a significant positive role in community participation, and has a partial mediating effect on community resilience and community participation intention. However, community attachment has no mediating effect on community participation benefit and community participation intention. 3) This study found that community participation with regard to crisis response is composed of support, involvement, and responsivity. It constructed a community participation "ABR" framework, including community attachment, community benefit, and community resilience. It has expanded the boundaries of research on community participation in tourism areas, and has certain theoretical and practical significance for community participation and crisis management in tourism communities.

Key words: tourism destination, community participation, community resilience, community attachment, Wenchuan Earthquake, Dajiuzhai region

年四锋,张捷,张宏磊,章锦河,张卉. 基于危机响应的旅游地社区参与研究——以汶川地震后大九寨环线区域为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(8): 1227-1239.

NIAN Sifeng,ZHANG Jie,ZHANG Honglei,ZHANG Jinhe,ZHANG Hui. Tourism community participation of tourism areas based on a crisis response perspective:Taking the Dajiuzhai region after the Wenchuan Earthquake as an example[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(8): 1227-1239.

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特征		百分比/%	特征		百分比/%	年限/a
性别	男	39.9	月均收入	<1000元	22.9
	女	60.1		1001~2500元	58.1
民族	汉	61.9		2501~4000元	10.8
	藏	19.8		4001~6500元	4.8
	羌	15.3		>6501元	3.4
	其他	3.0	职业	公务、管理人员	10.1
年龄	<20岁	15.6		服务、商贸人员	46.3
	21~30岁	36.0		工人、农民	14.0
	31~40岁	29.5		学生	7.9
	41~50岁	15.4		其他	21.7
	>50岁	3.5	教育	小学及以下	9.0
旅游收入占家庭收入百分比	<20%	28.3		初中	37.6
	20%~40%	22.6		高中	34.1
	40%~60%	22.6		大专及以上	19.3
	60%~80%	12.8	恢复震前水平年限感知	九寨沟		3.9
	80%~100%	13.7		青城山		4.5
				北川县		5.4

维度	题项		均值	标准差	因素载荷	AVE	CR
社区参与获益	我进入旅游业工作的机会增加了		3.62	0.92	0.73	0.61	0.89
	我参与旅游职业技能培训的机会增加了		3.56	0.93	0.83
	我参与景区公司管理的机会增加了		3.40	1.00	0.86
	我参与旅游发展决策的机会增加了		3.37	1.01	0.78
	我从旅游业获得的收入提高了		3.38	1.03	0.71
社区恢复力	我处置旅游危机事件的能力提高了		3.83	0.83	0.83	0.55	0.78
	我应对风险变化的能力提高了		3.76	0.82	0.77
	我抗险救灾的适应能力提高了		3.65	1.06	0.61
社区依恋	我关心本地的发展		4.25	0.68	0.54	0.55	0.86
	我已习惯了在这里生活		4.18	0.79	0.84
	我愿意在这里长久生活		4.29	0.78	0.80
	我对这里有很深的感情		4.29	0.77	0.72
	我对这里的感觉比其他地方都好		4.09	0.90	0.76
社区参与	支持度	我更加积极地为旅游业发展建言献策	3.72	0.88	0.90	0.76	0.91
		我更加积极地动员邻里亲朋参与旅游业	3.76	0.84
		我更加关心本地旅游业发展	4.09	0.77
	参与度	我参与旅游发展决策的意愿增强了	3.67	0.86	0.94
		我从事旅游相关行业的意愿增强了	3.75	0.84
		我满足游客需求的意愿增强了	4.00	0.74
	响应度	我珍惜保护当地旅游资源的意愿增强了	4.04	0.76	0.78
		我恢复保护震后自然环境的意愿增强了	4.10	0.75
		我抢救保护传承地方文化的意愿增强了	4.09	0.72

指标	绝对拟合指数			增值拟合指数				简约拟合指数
指标	Χ²/df	GFI	RMSEA	IFI	TLI	CFI	NFI	PGFI	PNFI	PCFI
理想值	2~5	>0.90	<0.08	>0.90	>0.90	>0.90	>0.90	>0.50	>0.50	>0.50
理论模型	4.6	0.877	0.081	0.897	0.881	0.896	0.872	0.697	0.758	0.780
结构模型	3.6	0.896	0.069	0.926	0.913	0.926	0.901	0.702	0.772	0.794

变量	点估计值	系数乘积		Bootstrapping法						Mackinnon法PRODCLIN2 95% CI
		系数乘积		Bias-Corrected 95% CI			Percentile 95% CI			Mackinnon法PRODCLIN2 95% CI
		标准误	Z值	极小值	极大值	双尾显著性	极小值	极大值	双尾显著性	极小值	极大值
总效果
社区参与获益	0.26	0.07	3.60	0.12	0.41	<0.01	0.11	0.40	<0.01
社区恢复力	0.61	0.08	7.20	0.46	0.78	<0.01	0.46	0.79	<0.01
直接效果
社区参与获益	0.26	0.07	3.00	0.13	0.40	<0.01	0.12	0.39	<0.01
社区恢复力	0.54	0.08	6.46	0.39	0.71	<0.01	0.39	0.72	<0.01
间接效果
社区参与获益	<-0.01	0.01	-0.15	-0.03	0.03	0.95	-0.03	0.02	0.84	-0.03	0.03
社区恢复力	0.07	0.02	3.29	0.04	0.12	<0.01	0.03	0.11	<0.01	0.13	0.37

假设路径	标准化系数	临界比率	结果
H1：社区参与获益?社区参与	0.30^***	5.99	支持
H2：社区参与获益?社区依恋	-0.01	-0.16	不支持
H3：社区依恋?社区参与获益和社区参与	中介效应不存在		不支持
H4：社区恢复力?地方依恋	0.40^***	5.70	支持
H5：社区恢复力?社区参与	0.59^***	8.93	支持
H6：社区依恋?社区恢复力和社区参与	部分中介效应		支持
H7：社区依恋?社区参与	0.19^***	4.97	支持