社区主客观特征对社区满意度的影响机理——以上海市郊区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.05.006

地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 686-697.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.05.006

社区主客观特征对社区满意度的影响机理——以上海市郊区为例

申悦^1,²(), 傅行行³

1. 华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心,上海 200062
2. 华东师范大学城市与区域科学学院,上海 200062
3. 南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,南京 210093

收稿日期:2018-08-03 修回日期:2019-01-25 出版日期:2019-05-28 发布日期:2019-05-28
作者简介:
第一作者简介: 申悦(1987— ),女,上海人,副教授,主要研究方向为城市地理学与行为地理学。E-mail: shenyue0519@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871166,41601159);上海市教育发展基金会和上海市教育委员会“晨光计划”项目(17CG20);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2018ECNU-QKT001)

Impact of the built environment and perceived neighborhood characteristics on residents’ satisfaction： Evidence from the Shanghai suburbs

Yue SHEN^1,²(), Xingxing FU³

1. The Center for Modern Chinese City Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
2. School of Urban and Regional Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
3. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

Received:2018-08-03 Revised:2019-01-25 Online:2019-05-28 Published:2019-05-28
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 41501180 and 41601159; "Chenguang Program" Supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No. 17CG20; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. 2018ECNU-QKT001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在以人为本发展理念的指导下,城市研究与规划越来越关注城市生活空间的构建与居民生活质量的提升,社区满意度研究的重要性不断增加。在郊区快速发展和社区生活圈构建的背景下,论文基于对上海市郊区居民活动日志调查的一手数据,在Campbell模型的基础上建立理论模型,从客观和主观相结合的视角出发,聚焦社区客观建成环境、社区主观感知特征和社区满意度三者之间的影响机理,并利用结构方程模型开展实证研究。研究结果表明：居民的社区感知情况对社区满意度有直接性和决定性的影响,居民对社区的健康、便利、安全和美观情况的感知对社区满意度都存在显著的正影响;社区的密度、可达性、设施等客观建成环境通过影响社区感知特征而间接地影响社区满意度;居民的社会经济属性对社区感知特征和社区满意度的影响甚微,影响郊区居民社区满意度的主要因素是社区特征。

关键词: 建成环境, 社区感知特征, 社区生活圈, 结构方程模型, 郊区, 上海

Abstract:

With human-centered development as the key principle of urban development in China, urban studies and urban planning are paying more attention to the construction of urban living space and the improvement of residents' life quality, and the importance of research on residents' neighborhood satisfaction is increasing. Under the background of rapid suburbanization and the construction of community life circle, this study used primary data on residents' daily activities and travel behaviors from 10 towns in the Shanghai suburbs to empirically investigate residents' neighborhood satisfaction. We constructed a theoretical model based on Campbell's Model, and then examined the interactions between neighborhood built environment, perceived neighborhood characteristics, and residents' neighborhood satisfaction by combining subjective and objective assessments. A structural equation model was used to verify the impact pathways and mechanisms. The results show that perceived neighborhood characteristics have direct and decisive influences on residents' neighborhood satisfaction, and residents' perceptions on the neighborhood situation of health, convenience, safety, and appearance all have significant positive impacts on residents' satisfaction. Factors of the built environment such as density, accessibility, and facility situation impact residents' satisfaction indirectly through perceived neighborhood characteristics. Residents' socioeconomic characteristics have little influence on their neighborhood satisfaction, and the main influencing factors of residents' satisfaction are neighborhood characteristics.

Key words: built environment, perceived neighborhood characteristics, community life circle, structural equation model, suburbs, Shanghai

申悦, 傅行行. 社区主客观特征对社区满意度的影响机理——以上海市郊区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(5): 686-697.

Yue SHEN, Xingxing FU. Impact of the built environment and perceived neighborhood characteristics on residents’ satisfaction： Evidence from the Shanghai suburbs[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(5): 686-697.

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属性	类别	数量	比例/%	备注
性别	男性	575	50.4
性别	女性	565	49.6
年龄	18~30岁	333	29.2
	30~40岁	334	29.3
	40~50岁	268	23.5
	50~60岁	205	18.0
户口类别	上海	602	52.8
户口类别	外地	538	47.2
婚姻状况	已婚	902	79.1
婚姻状况	未婚	238	20.9
就业情况	全职就业	817	71.7	有稳定工作
	半职就业	26	2.3	有稳定工作
	临时性就业	15	1.3	无稳定工作
	在校学生	48	4.2	无稳定工作
	离退休在家	112	9.8	无稳定工作
	无业	122	10.7	无稳定工作
家庭平均月收入	5000元以下	166	14.6
	5000~10000元	418	36.7
	10000~20000元	410	36.0
	20000~30000元	88	7.7
	30000元以上	58	5.1
住房产权状况	有住房产权	728	63.9
住房产权状况	无住房产权	412	36.1
家庭是否有小汽车	有小汽车	664	58.2
家庭是否有小汽车	无小汽车	476	41.8

变量		均值	单因素方差分析
变量		均值	F值	P值
社会经济属性
性别	男性	3.54	1.109	0.351
	女性	3.59	1.109	0.351
年龄	18~30岁	3.52	3.107	0.015^**
	30~40岁	3.54
	40~50岁	3.55
	50~60岁	3.70
户口类别	上海	3.64	4.161	0.002^***
	外地	3.48	4.161	0.002^***
婚姻状况	已婚	3.59	1.980	0.095^*
	未婚	3.46	1.980	0.095^*
就业情况	有稳定工作	3.55	1.867	0.114
	无稳定工作	3.61	1.867	0.114
家庭平均月收入	5000元以下	3.50	0.403	0.807
	5000~10000元	3.56
	10000~20000元	3.61
	20000~30000元	3.52
	30000元以上	3.52
住房产权状况	有住房产权	3.63	4.329	0.002^***
	无住房产权	3.45	4.329	0.002^***
家庭是否拥有小汽车	有小汽车	3.61	2.784	0.026^**
	无小汽车	3.50	2.784	0.026^**
社区感知特征
总体健康			72.344	<0.001^***
总体便利			48.941	<0.001^***
总体安全			70.542	<0.001^***
总体美观			64.358	<0.001^***
交通拥堵			4.082	0.003^***
总计		3.57

拟合指数	参考值	模型结果
CMIN/DF	1~3	2.620
RMSEA	<0.05,好; <0.08,可接受	0.038
SRMR	<0.05,好; <0.08,可接受	0.029
CFI	>0.90	0.980

	总体健康		总体便利		总体安全		总体美观		交通拥堵		社区满意度
	Beta	P	Beta	P	Beta	P	Beta	P	Beta	P	Beta	P
内生变量
总体健康	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		0.221	<0.001
总体便利	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		0.072	0.033
总体安全	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		0.174	<0.001
总体美观	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		0.140	<0.001
交通拥堵	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA
外生变量
社区客观特征
职住距离									-0.073	0.010	NA
人口密度	-0.176	<0.001	-0.090	0.041	-0.120	0.007	-0.174	<0.001	0.077	0.074	NA
地铁站可达性											NA
公交车站可达性	0.103	0.005	0.125	0.001	0.077	0.043			0.102	0.005	NA
公园广场可达性	0.127	<0.001							-0.096	0.004	NA
商业密度	-0.099	0.028									NA
社区绿地率							0.051	0.100	0.115	<0.001	NA
社区室外游乐设施	0.100	0.001	0.081	0.010	0.087	0.006	0.151	<0.001	-0.131	<0.001	NA
社会经济属性
年龄	0.076	0.044
男性
上海户口											0.063	0.045
已婚
有稳定工作
家庭平均月收入
家庭有小汽车
拥有住房产权

社区客观特征	标准化的总影响	P
职住距离	0.004	0.541
人口密度	-0.091	0.010
地铁站可达性	-0.006	0.670
公交车站可达性	0.050	0.010
公园广场可达性	0.040	0.030
商业密度	-0.022	0.317
社区绿地率	0.017	0.317
社区室外游乐设施	0.064	0.016

社区主客观特征对社区满意度的影响机理——以上海市郊区为例

Impact of the built environment and perceived neighborhood characteristics on residents’ satisfaction： Evidence from the Shanghai suburbs

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