重庆直辖以来乡村人居环境可持续发展力及其时空分异研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乡村人居环境是一复杂巨系统,其可持续发展力是各子系统间物质、信息与能量相互流通与交换的结果,本文从经济发展、生产生活、生态环境3个子系统入手构建乡村人居环境可持续发展力的评价指标体系,以1997—2015年重庆市37个区县的面板数据为数据源,运用发展水平(衡量乡村人居环境可持续发展态势)、发展效率(反映乡村人居环境发展趋向可持续的快慢程度)和协调指数(反映各子系统发展水平均衡程度)构建乡村人居环境可持续发展力测度模型,分析了乡村人居环境可持续力并探究其时空分异特征,为因地制宜践行《农村人居环境整治三年行动方案》提供策略支持。结果表明：1997—2015年,乡村人居环境可持续发展力时序上总体态势向好,其中发展水平逐步上升,发展效率波动剧烈,协调性稳步提高,各子系统间可持续发展力差异性较大;乡村人居环境可持续发展力在空间上总体呈现西高东低、“中心-边缘”的分异格局,区县间差异性明显,其中经济发展子系统呈“多级核心-外围”辐射圈层式差异化增长格局、生产生活子系统呈自西向东扩散式增长格局,生态环境子系统总体上先降后升,呈波浪式不均衡增长格局;从政府“制导引导”、城乡“双轮”联动、“点-极-核”整治模式等方面提出了相关整治策略。

关键词: 乡村人居环境, 可持续发展力测度模型, 时空分异, 重庆市

Abstract:

As a complex system, the sustainable development ability of rural human settlements is the result of the exchange of materials, information, and energy among its subsystems. This study established an evaluation index system of sustainable development ability of rural human settlements based on the three subsystems of economic development, living-production, and ecological environment, and used panel data from 37 districts and counties in Chongqing Municipality from 1997 to 2015 as the data sources. By using development level that measures the sustainable development situation of rural human settlements, development efficiency that reflects the pace of sustainable development, and coordination index that reflects the coordination degree among subsystems, this study analyzed the sustainable development ability of the rural human settlements and examined its spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics, in order to provide some strategies for the practice of the three-year action plan of rural human settlements improvement in Chongqing Municipality. The results show that, from 1997 to 2015, the overall sustainable development ability of rural human settlements of Chongqing was reasonably high. Among the three subsystems, development level gradually improved, development efficiency fluctuated significantly, coordination degree enhanced stably, and the development level showed great differences among the subsystems. The sustainable development ability of rural human settlements presents a spatial pattern of "low in the east, high in the west" and center-periphery differentiation, as well as wide variations among the districts and counties as a whole. The development level of the economic development subsystem showed a spatial pattern of multilevel core-surrounding zonal differentiated growth. The development level of the living-production subsystem showed a spatial pattern of diffusion growth from the west to the east. The development level of the ecological environment subsystem declined first and then increased and showed a spatially unevenly growth. On these bases, this study put forward some strategies for improvement from the aspects of planning and guidance by the government, urban and rural coordination, and the “point-pole-core” development model.

Key words: rural human settlements, measurement of sustainable development ability, spatiotemporal differentiation, Chongqing Municipality

王成, 李颢颖, 何焱洲, 马小苏, 周明茗. 重庆直辖以来乡村人居环境可持续发展力及其时空分异研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(4): 556-566.

Cheng WANG, Haoying LI, Yanzhou HE, Xiaosu MA, Mingming ZHOU. Sustainable development ability and its spatiotemporal differentiations of rural human settlements in Chongqing Municipality from 1997 to 2015[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(4): 556-566.

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准则层	子系统权重	指标层	指标解释及计算方法	指标性质	权重
经济发展子系统	0.336	第一产业总产值	反映农业生产能力 (亿元)	+	0.095
		农业商品率	反映农业生产专业化、规模化程度 (%)	+	0.031
		农业机械化水平	反映生产技术能力强弱 (kWh/hm²)	+	0.040
		人均农林牧渔业总产值	反映农林牧渔业生产成果人均占有程度 (万元/人)	+	0.105
		乡镇企业数量	反映农村经济结构的先进程度 (个)	+	0.065
生产生活子系统	0.379	农民人均纯收入	反映地区农村居民收入的平均水平 (元/人)	+	0.097
		农民人均生活消费支出	反映农民生活水平和质量 (元/人)	+	0.113
		乡村电力设施水平	农村用电量/乡村人口 (kWh/人)	+	0.045
		乡村医疗条件	村均卫生室拥有率 (%)	+	0.094
		乡村通信设施水平	农村电话年末用户数/乡村户数 (%)	+	0.030
生态环境子系统	0.285	水土流失治理面积	反映地区生态环境保护措施的实施力度 (万hm²)	+	0.049
		沼气池产气总量	反映乡村废弃物资源化程度 (万m³)	+	0.092
		农用化肥施用强度	化肥施用量/总播种面积 (t/hm²)	_	0.081
		农药施用强度	农药施用量/总播种面积 (t/hm²)	_	0.037
		地膜覆盖率	地膜覆盖面积/总播种面积 (%)	_	0.026