武汉市快递自提点的空间格局与集聚模式研究

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

互联网经济时代的线上交易推动着线下物流行业的快速发展,为解决快递“最后一公里”配送问题,快递自提点应运而生,成为地理学多维视角下新的研究关注点。论文基于武汉市13个市辖区的菜鸟驿站和中国邮政速递物流站点的POI数据,综合运用文本分析、空间分析等方法,探析武汉市快递自提点的组织形式、区位选址、空间格局与集聚模式。结果表明：① 武汉市菜鸟驿站和邮政站点各自的依托方式和服务对象存在巨大差异,二者虽为竞争关系,却能达到优势互补;② 80%的快递自提点出现在距离社区出入口200 m以内的范围,菜鸟站点较邮政站点更邻近社区;③ 受城市人口分布、用地类型、居民购买力等因素的影响,快递自提点空间分布不均衡,沿“东北—西南”轴线呈对称分布并延伸,密度自内圈向外圈呈跳跃式递减;④ 快递自提点在城市中心城区集聚,形成“中心热点区”,在城市外围边缘地区离散,形成“边缘冷点区”,整体呈现“隔江‘2+3’五核集聚模式”,由菜鸟驿站的分布所主导;⑤ 快递自提点的分布与居民用地重合度高,但其数量在边缘居民区仍匮乏,其数量与各市辖区的面积和常住人口数量呈正相关。最后,论文提出了针对性的优化建议以及未来的研究方向。

关键词: 快递自提点, 空间格局, 集聚模式, POI, 武汉

Abstract:

In the era of Internet economy, e-commerce centering on online shopping has boomed, which also promotes the development of the logistics industry. In order to solve the distribution problem of the " last kilometer logistics," parcel collection and delivery points (CDPs) appeared and became a new research object in a multidimensional perspective of geography. Based on the point of interest (POI) data of the Cainiao Station and China Post in 13 municipal districts of Wuhan City, this study used the methods of text analysis, spatial analysis, among others to explore the organization form, location choice, spatial distribution, and agglomeration mode of the CDPs in the city. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Cainiao Station and China Post have very different supporting mechanisms and service targets, and they can play complementary roles despite of their competitive relationship. 2) Most of the Cainiao Station and China Post CDPs are located within 200 meters from the entrances and exits of communities, but those of Cainiao Station are located closer to the communities than China Post. 3) Affected by factors such as urban population distribution, land use type, and purchasing power of residents, the CDPs are unevenly distributed but they extend along the northeast-southwest symmetrical axis, with the density decreasing from the inner to the outer city. 4) The CDPs concentrate in the center of the city, forming a "hot spot area" while disperse in the periphery of the city, forming a "cold spot area," and their agglomeration mode is multiple cores, mainly affected by the aggregation of the Cainiao Station CDPs. 5) The CDPs are distributed on the residential land but their number is still small in the marginal residential areas, and the number is positively related to the size of municipal districts and the number of permanent residents. Finally, based on the above results, this article puts forward some countermeasures as well as the future prospects of research.

Key words: collection and delivery points, spatial pattern, agglomeration mode, POI, Wuhan City

李钢, 陈未雨, 杨兰, 刘倩, 陈曦亮. 武汉市快递自提点的空间格局与集聚模式研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(3): 407-416.

Gang LI, Weiyu CHEN, Lan YANG, Qian LIU, Xiliang CHEN. Spatial pattern and agglomeration mode of parcel collection and delivery points in Wuhan City[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(3): 407-416.

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区域性质	市辖区	面积/km²	常住人口/万人	人口密度/ (万人/km²)	镇/乡/街道办事处/个	POI数量/个
区域性质	市辖区	面积/km²	常住人口/万人	人口密度/ (万人/km²)	镇/乡/街道办事处/个	菜鸟驿站	邮政站点	共计
中心城区	江岸区	80.28	96.13	1.1974	16	62	36	98
	江汉区	28.29	72.95	2.5786	13	29	20	49
	硚口区	40.06	86.71	2.1645	11	26	23	49
	汉阳区	111.54	64.85	0.5814	11	72	15	87
	青山区	57.12	52.68	0.9223	10	28	16	44
	武昌区	64.58	127.40	1.9727	14	101	35	136
	洪山区	573.28	160.99	0.2808	10	215	77	292
远城区	黄陂区	2256.70	96.71	0.0429	16	42	35	77
	东西湖区	495.34	54.11	0.1092	11	30	17	47
	蔡甸区	1093.17	71.99	0.0659	9	39	29	68
	汉南区	287.05	13.16	0.0458	4	3	7	10
	江夏区	2018.31	89.46	0.0443	10	82	37	119
	新洲区	1463.43	89.48	0.0611	13	17	33	50

依托类型	依托业态	比重
专营	菜鸟驿站	56%
兼营	超市、便利店、水果店、药店、洗衣店、维修店、彩票店、照相馆等生活服务场所	超市18%; 其余23.7%
联营	邮政站点、其他快递公司	2.3%

服务对象类型	菜鸟驿站		邮政站点
服务对象类型	数量	比例	数量	比例
社区	589	0.788	279	0.734
学校	73	0.098	35	0.092
商/企业	73	0.098	12	0.032
乡村	7	0.009	50	0.132
景区	5	0.007	4	0.011