地理科学进展 ›› 2019, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 283-295.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.02.011
邱婴芝1,2(), 陈宏胜3, 李志刚4, 王若宇1, 刘晔1,2,*(
), 覃小菲1
收稿日期:
2018-04-26
修回日期:
2018-12-19
出版日期:
2019-02-28
发布日期:
2019-02-28
通讯作者:
刘晔
作者简介:
第一作者简介:邱婴芝(1992— ),女,浙江宁波人,博士生,主要从事城市地理研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Yingzhi QIU1,2(), Hongsheng CHEN3, Zhigang LI4, Ruoyu WANG1, Ye LIU1,2,*(
), Xiaofei QIN1
Received:
2018-04-26
Revised:
2018-12-19
Online:
2019-02-28
Published:
2019-02-28
Contact:
Ye LIU
Supported by:
摘要:
随着新型城镇化、健康中国等战略的提出,“城市健康”成为社会各界关注的重要议题。然而,既有研究较少基于邻里效应的视角,揭示城市社区环境对居民心理健康的影响因素。论文基于2015年广州市23个社区的1150份问卷调查数据,从邻里效应的视角出发,采用多层线性回归模型,识别了广州市居民心理健康的决定因素,尤其关注社区建成环境和社会环境的影响。研究发现,广州市居民的心理健康水平在社区层面存在空间异质性,由个体层面因素与社区层面因素所共同决定。就个体因素而言,受教育程度、住房产权和身体健康状况对心理健康水平有显著的正向预测作用;就社区建成环境因素而言,服务设施配套和公园绿地供给均与心理健康水平呈显著的正相关关系;就社区社会环境因素而言,社区纠纷数量对心理健康有显著的负向预测作用,社区组织数量和邻里交往频率对心理健康有显著的正向预测作用。建议通过社区规划和社区建设,加大公共服务设施和公园绿地的供给,健全社区组织,鼓励邻里交往,从而提升居民的心理健康水平。
邱婴芝, 陈宏胜, 李志刚, 王若宇, 刘晔, 覃小菲. 基于邻里效应视角的城市居民心理健康影响因素研究——以广州市为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(2): 283-295.
Yingzhi QIU, Hongsheng CHEN, Zhigang LI, Ruoyu WANG, Ye LIU, Xiaofei QIN. Exploring neighborhood environmental effects on mental health:A case study in Guangzhou, China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(2): 283-295.
表1
受访居民社会经济状况与调研社区环境的描述性统计"
类别 | 指标 | 定义 | 百分比/% | 均值/标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|
个人层次 | ||||
人口属性 | 性别 | 男 | 52.26 | |
女 | 47.74 | |||
年龄 | 18 ~ 25岁 | 7.48 | ||
25 ~ 40岁 | 40.17 | |||
40 ~ 60岁 | 48.35 | |||
60岁及以上 | 4.00 | |||
婚姻状况 | 单身、离异、丧偶 | 15.31 | ||
结婚且与家人同住 | 78.17 | |||
结婚且单独居住 | 6.52 | |||
教育水平 | 初中及以下 | 31.82 | ||
高中、职高及技校 | 33.48 | |||
大专及以上 | 34.70 | |||
家庭人均年收入 | < 1万元 | 4.96 | ||
1万元 ~ 3万元 | 46.43 | |||
3万元 ~ 5万元 | 24.70 | |||
5万元 ~ 10万元 | 15.91 | |||
>10万元 | 8.00 | |||
户籍状况 | 广州户口 | 59.39 | ||
非广州户口 | 40.61 | |||
自评身体健康(5分量表) | 较差(选择比较不健康,非常不健康) | 3.13 | ||
一般(选择一般) | 12.17 | |||
良好(选择比较健康和非常健康) | 84.70 | |||
住房情况 | 是否拥有住房产权 | 是 | 54.17 | |
否 | 45.83 | |||
人均房屋居住面积 | 24 m2以下 | 45.22 | ||
24 ~ 50 m2 | 39.22 | |||
50 m2及以上 | 15.57 | |||
住宅建成年代 | 1980年前 | 21.74 | ||
1980—2000年 | 43.48 | |||
2000年以后 | 34.78 | |||
社区层次 | ||||
社区建成环境 | 服务设施密度/(个/km2) | 社区1 km2范围内服务设施密度(未标准化) | 64.86/34.28 | |
公园密度/(个/km2) | 社区1 km2范围内公园密度 | 0.64/0.39 | ||
社区社会环境 | 安全与和谐 | 2014年社区纠纷的数量 | 17.45/29.5 | |
社会组织类型数/个 | 社区拥有的社会组织类型的数量 | 3.85/1.03 | ||
邻里交往频繁的比例/% | 5分量表:非常频繁=5,比较频繁=4,一般=3,比较不频繁=2,非常不频繁=1;选择4、5的比例 | 0.32/0.13 | ||
社会网络人数/个 | 同一社区亲友数量均值 | 4.91/2.83 |
表2
广州市居民心理健康水平分布"
个人属性指标 | GHQ均值 | 标准差 | 住房及社区层面指标 | GHQ均值 | 标准差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 住房产权 | ||||
男 | 22.51 | 5.52 | 是 | 22.20 | 5.09 |
女 | 22.77 | 4.98 | 否 | 23.14 | 5.43 |
年龄/岁 | 家庭人均居住面积/m2 | ||||
18 ~ 25 | 22.15 | 5.21 | 24以下 | 22.74 | 5.34 |
25 ~ 40 | 22.28 | 5.00 | 24 ~ 50 | 22.45 | 5.39 |
40 ~ 60 | 22.91 | 5.41 | 50及以上 | 22.77 | 4.72 |
60及以上 | 23.76 | 6.05 | 住宅建成年代 | ||
婚姻与家庭 | 1980年前 | 22.66 | 6.00 | ||
单身、离异、丧偶 | 22.99 | 5.53 | 1980—2000年 | 22.20 | 5.36 |
结婚且与家人同住 | 22.61 | 5.19 | 2000年以后 | 23.16 | 4.59 |
结婚且单独居住 | 22.08 | 5.54 | 服务设施密度/(个/km2) | ||
教育水平 | 低(9.87 ~ 63.98) | 22.98 | 5.44 | ||
初中及以下 | 23.66 | 5.37 | 高(63.99 ~ 118.09) | 22.23 | 5.03 |
高中、职高及技校 | 22.60 | 5.31 | 公园密度/(个/km2) | ||
大专及以上 | 21.73 | 4.97 | 低(0 ~ 0.79) | 22.96 | 5.20 |
家庭人均年收入/万元 | 高(0.80 ~ 1.59) | 21.69 | 5.35 | ||
<1 | 24.77 | 6.36 | 2014年社区纠纷的数量 | ||
1 ~ 3 | 22.87 | 5.43 | 低(0 ~ 17.45) | 22.29 | 5.22 |
3 ~ 5 | 22.10 | 5.08 | 高(17.45 ~ 100) | 24.13 | 5.21 |
5 ~ 10 | 21.96 | 4.66 | 社区社会组织类型数量 | ||
>10 | 22.96 | 4.91 | 低(2 ~ 3.85) | 23.27 | 5.11 |
户籍状况 | 高(3.85 ~ 6) | 22.17 | 5.34 | ||
广州户口 | 22.49 | 5.33 | 邻里交往频繁的比例 | ||
非广州户口 | 22.84 | 5.18 | 低(0.11 ~ 0.32) | 22.92 | 5.34 |
自评身体健康 | 高(0.32 ~ 0.59) | 22.24 | 5.14 | ||
较差 | 26.03 | 7.13 | 社区亲友数量均值 | ||
一般 | 24.38 | 4.71 | 低(1.39 ~ 4.91) | 22.29 | 5.29 |
良好 | 22.26 | 5.17 | 高(4.91 ~ 12.34) | 23.32 | 5.16 |
表3
广州市居民心理健康影响的多层线性模型"
自变量 | 空模型 | 模型一 | 模型二 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
回归系数 | 标准误 | 回归系数 | 标准误 | 回归系数 | 标准误 | |||
性别(对照组:男性) | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.30 | ||||
年龄 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.02 | ||||
婚姻状况(参照组:已婚且与家人同住) | ||||||||
未婚、离婚或寡居 | 0.61 | 0.47 | 0.72 | 0.47 | ||||
已婚但独自居住 | -0.85 | 0.69 | -0.84 | 0.68 | ||||
教育(参照组:大专及以上) | ||||||||
初中及以下 | 1.34*** | 0.49 | 1.25*** | 0.47 | ||||
高中、中专、技校 | 0.69 | 0.42 | 0.67 | 0.41 | ||||
家庭人均年收入 | -0.03 | 0.25 | 0.05 | 0.24 | ||||
户口(参照组:无) | -0.16 | 0.43 | -0.02 | 0.43 | ||||
自评身体健康(参照组:一般) | ||||||||
不健康 | 1.75* | 0.95 | 1.77* | 0.95 | ||||
健康 | -2.01*** | 0.47 | -2.22*** | 0.47 | ||||
住房产权(参照组:有) | 1.03** | 0.44 | 1.10** | 0.43 | ||||
人均住房面积 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||||
住房建筑年代(参照组:1980—2000年) | ||||||||
1980年前 | 0.55 | 0.51 | 0.67 | 0.45 | ||||
2000年后 | 0.66 | 0.42 | 0.69* | 0.37 | ||||
社区1 km2内服务设施密度 | -0.03*** | 0.01 | ||||||
社区1 km2内公园密度 | -1.05** | 0.53 | ||||||
2014年邻里纠纷数量 | 0.03*** | 0.01 | ||||||
社会组织团体种类数量 | -0.49*** | 0.19 | ||||||
同一社区亲友数量 | 0.09 | 0.08 | ||||||
居民互相交往频繁的比例 | -2.75* | 1.45 | ||||||
常数 | 22.64*** | 0.32 | 22.72*** | 0.64 | 22.73*** | 0.56 | ||
组间方差 | 1.38 | 0.26 | 1.33 | 0.27 | 0.13 | 0.70 | ||
组内方差 | 5.12 | 0.11 | 4.97 | 0.11 | 4.97 | 0.11 | ||
对数似然数 | -3447.17 | -3413.11 | -3397.90 | |||||
ICC | 21.23% | 21.11% | 2.55% | |||||
组间方差缩减比 | — | 3.62% | 90.58% |
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