基于灯光数据的京津冀城市多标度异速分析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2019.01.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城镇体系的时空演化是一个复杂的动力学过程,具有无尺度性,其特征可以采用异速标度指数定量描述。论文以京津冀为例,基于1992—2013年夜间灯光数据的校正结果,提取城镇夜间灯光信息,采用多标度异速分析方法,分析京津冀城镇体系的相对发展特征及其空间分异格局。研究发现：①京津冀大城市的增长空间局限日益显著。虽然大城市如京津唐的绝对发展水平高,但接近环境承载量的极限,22 a间增长快速的是大城市交接地带的小城市(如三河、迁安、廊坊等)。②相对增长速度快的城市从东北到西南呈现带状分布——政府选择发展的“雄安新区”就在这个轴带上。由此可以得出两个结论：其一,京津冀城市演化的趋势相对均衡化,空间结构异质性逐步减弱,整个城镇体系的发展趋于相对平衡状态;其二,大、小城市“两极”贯通或许是增强城镇体系功能的有效途径。京津冀的空间格局优化不能仅仅考虑主要的、规模大的中心城市,而应该基于等级结构协调整个城镇网络体系。

关键词: 城镇体系, 夜间灯光数据, 异速标度, 分形, 分维, 京津冀

Abstract:

The spatial-temporal evolution of urban systems is a complex scale-free dynamic process, which can be described quantitatively by allometric scaling index. In this study, the multi-scaling allometric analysis method was employed to analyze the relative development characteristics and the spatial heterogeneity pattern of the main cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on the calibration results of the nighttime light data from 1992 to 2013. The main findings are as follows: 1) The limitations on spatial development of big cities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were increasing. Although the absolute development levels of big cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan were higher than medium-sized and small cities, large cities were close to the limit of environmental carrying capacity; smaller cities such as Sanhe, Qian'an, and Langfang had grown rapidly in the 22 years. 2) Cities with relatively high growth advantage show a zonal distribution from northeast to southwest. These small cities are located in the space between the big cities. Two principal conclusions can be drawn as below: 1) The trend of urban change in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei is relatively balanced. Heterogeneity of the spatial structure has gradually weakened, and the development of the whole urban system tends to evolve into a relatively homogeneous state. 2) The key of spatial optimization in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is to unify the two extremes of cites. The large cities with absolute high development levels and the small cities with relatively high growth rates should be integrated into a self-organized framework. The nighttime light data can be used to characterize the allometric scaling relations between elements of urban systems and to explain the formation mechanism of spatial heterogeneity.

Key words: urban system, nighttime light data, allometric scaling, fractal, fractal dimensions, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

龙玉清, 陈彦光. 基于灯光数据的京津冀城市多标度异速分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2019, 38(1): 88-100.

Yuqing LONG, Yanguang CHEN. Multi-scaling allometric analysis of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban system based on nighttime light data[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2019, 38(1): 88-100.

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

图3

表2

表3

表4

1992—2013年京津冀主要城市夜间灯光面积和灯光指数的多标度异速分析结果"

城市	基于灯光面积				基于灯光指数
城市	ASI	RRG	Q_c/km²	R²	ASI	RRG	Q_c/10³	R²
北京	0.0166	0.0476	5584.3345	0.8516	0.0150	0.0481	629.5157	0.8130
天津	0.0202	0.0587	3299.6355	0.8990	0.0190	0.0599	336.9200	0.8615
石家庄	0.0154	0.0459	831.4278	0.7816	0.0147	0.0489	88.9824	0.7287
辛集	0.0387	0.1895	41.4513	0.6432	0.0394	0.2174	3.0537	0.6061
藳城	0.0369	0.2878	33.9766	0.3728	0.0402	0.3461	2.2959	0.3952
晋州	0.0405	0.1718	25.7266	0.7397	0.0421	0.1964	1.5818	0.7313
新乐	0.0319	0.0938	23.0870	0.8165	0.0353	0.1166	1.4206	0.7622
鹿泉	0.0295	0.1160	88.6341	0.7006	0.0309	0.1277	5.8084	0.6926
唐山	0.0192	0.0540	829.8382	0.9298	0.0171	0.0546	81.8007	0.8869
遵化	0.0369	0.1188	43.4224	0.9021	0.0373	0.1376	3.0685	0.8905
迁安	0.0491	0.1320	73.9027	0.9555	0.0467	0.1400	4.9919	0.9564
秦皇岛	0.0196	0.0530	407.9582	0.9154	0.0171	0.0507	41.4006	0.8859
邯郸	0.0121	0.0472	1330.7037	0.5569	0.0128	0.0516	125.1351	0.5113
武安	0.0283	0.1224	367.8588	0.4652	0.0285	0.1280	26.7679	0.4807
邢台	0.0206	0.0567	252.1434	0.8866	0.0188	0.0597	24.1521	0.8073
南宫	0.0117	0.0552	38.9206	0.3771	0.0125	0.0642	2.6878	0.3725
沙河	0.0466	0.2699	34.0733	0.5405	0.0478	0.3192	2.3890	0.4936
保定	0.0179	0.0503	359.9242	0.8046	0.0165	0.0520	38.6227	0.7722
涿州	0.0216	0.0761	99.2396	0.7002	0.0214	0.0812	8.4591	0.6758
定州	0.0221	0.0739	46.4907	0.7862	0.0257	0.0909	3.1522	0.7313
安国	0.0631	0.2981	7.9561	0.6382	0.0671	0.4004	0.4567	0.6235
高碑店	0.0312	0.1184	54.6144	0.8716	0.0307	0.1289	4.3387	0.8104
张家口	0.0160	0.0548	439.9350	0.8609	0.0140	0.0552	43.4514	0.7852
承德	0.0258	0.0829	89.3341	0.9621	0.0226	0.0798	7.9165	0.9543
沧州	0.0164	0.0510	235.3047	0.8839	0.0146	0.0519	23.8490	0.8106
泊头	0.0164	0.0556	67.1015	0.6630	0.0167	0.0650	5.4462	0.6144
任丘	0.0099	0.0315	198.0287	0.5734	0.0132	0.0468	18.7365	0.5328
黄骅	0.0311	0.1297	44.7231	0.7627	0.0332	0.1683	3.6201	0.6676
河间	0.0222	0.0739	49.9423	0.8193	0.0226	0.0851	4.1394	0.7132
廊坊	0.0335	0.1099	222.6302	0.7558	0.0315	0.1070	20.5950	0.7549
霸州	0.0580	0.2312	104.7807	0.6843	0.0564	0.2400	7.6541	0.6788
三河	0.0605	0.2311	116.1876	0.8032	0.0592	0.2531	8.4994	0.7650
衡水	0.0205	0.0592	129.4754	0.7677	0.0198	0.0622	12.1906	0.7364
冀州	0.0286	0.1161	33.3075	0.4145	0.0289	0.1264	2.2059	0.4301
深州	0.0317	0.1082	17.2473	0.7486	0.0311	0.1111	0.9733	0.7654

表4

图4

图5

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城市	北京	天津	石家庄	唐山	秦皇岛	邯郸	邢台	保定	张家口	承德	沧州	廊坊	衡水
北京	1	0.78	1.01	0.84	0.84	1.05	0.79	0.91	1.02	0.58	1.02	0.47	0.75
天津	1.26	1	1.28	1.09	1.09	1.31	1.01	1.15	1.30	0.75	1.29	0.60	0.94
石家庄	0.97	0.75	1	0.81	0.81	1.05	0.77	0.89	0.99	0.55	0.99	0.46	0.74
唐山	1.14	0.91	1.14	1	0.99	1.16	0.91	1.03	1.18	0.70	1.17	0.54	0.84
秦皇岛	1.14	0.91	1.15	0.99	1	1.16	0.91	1.03	1.17	0.69	1.16	0.54	0.85
邯郸	0.81	0.62	0.85	0.66	0.66	1	0.64	0.74	0.87	0.43	0.85	0.39	0.62
邢台	1.25	0.98	1.27	1.06	1.06	1.31	1	1.14	1.27	0.72	1.27	0.59	0.94
保定	1.10	0.85	1.12	0.92	0.92	1.16	0.87	1	1.11	0.62	1.11	0.52	0.83
张家口	0.92	0.72	0.93	0.78	0.77	1.01	0.72	0.82	1	0.55	0.95	0.43	0.68
承德	1.53	1.23	1.51	1.36	1.36	1.49	1.21	1.36	1.62	1	1.57	0.71	1.11
沧州	0.97	0.76	0.98	0.82	0.81	1.04	0.77	0.88	1.01	0.57	1	0.46	0.72
廊坊	2.08	1.62	2.12	1.74	1.76	2.24	1.65	1.90	2.11	1.18	2.11	1	1.58
衡水	1.31	1.02	1.34	1.09	1.10	1.41	1.04	1.19	1.32	0.73	1.32	0.63	1