城市化与PM2.5时空格局演变及其影响因素的研究进展

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.08.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

快速的城市化和经济发展在改善我们物质生活的同时,也因其剧烈人为活动导致了严重的环境污染,尤其是近年来以细颗粒物(PM_2.5)为首要污染物的城市与区域空气污染问题凸显。而传统的研究更注重孤立地开展空气污染或城市化的研究,缺乏对二者相互耦合关系的综合研究。本文以中国近年来广受关注的以PM_2.5为首要污染物的城市空气污染为切入点,系统地分析总结了在城市化与PM_2.5时空格局演变及其影响因素方面的主要研究进展,包括研究框架、主要方法和相关的主要研究成果等。指明该领域的研究已从空间格局分析逐步深入到健康影响、社会经济驱动等相关方向,并已延伸至复合主题的研究。未来,开展更为深入细致的研究,对于拓展城市与景观生态学的理论体系,了解城市化与城市空气质量的影响关系,解析不同城市发展阶段所面临的城市空气质量问题,将具有重要的科学与现实意义。

关键词: 城市空气质量, 大气污染, PM_2.5, 生态城市, 时空格局, 城市化

Abstract:

Urbanization is essentially a geographical concentration of population and industry, and change of landscape patterns. The proportion of the urbanized population in China has increased to more than 50% during the recent decade. The rapid growth in such a short time period has not only led to an improvement of material wealth and a higher standard of living, but also caused severe environmental pollution, particularly the air pollution in many urbanized regions of China. In this research, multi-resolution remote sensing images, meteorological records, environmental monitoring data, and ground survey records were employed at multiple scales to understand the relationship between rapid urbanization and urban air quality, taking PM_2.5 concentration as an indicator of air quality. The key findings are in the following three areas: (1) The spatial-temporal patterns of PM_2.5 concentration in China; (2) The spatial-temporal patterns of the relationship between urban PM_2.5pollution and rural PM_2.5 pollution in China's major cities; and (3) The linkage between urbanization and PM_2.5 concentration at global, regional, city, and local scales. The results of this research also encourage different approaches to urbanization study in order to mitigate the negative impact caused by urban air pollution, both in China and in other rapidly developing mid- and low-income countries.

Key words: urban air quality, atmospheric pollution, PM_2.5, ecological city, spatial temporal pattern, urbanization

韩立建. 城市化与PM_2.5时空格局演变及其影响因素的研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(8): 1011-1021.

Lijian HAN. Relationship between urbanization and urban air quality: An insight on fine particulate dynamics in China[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(8): 1011-1021.

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	政策	技术	公众认知	治理周期	环境教育
中国	立法、低效产业和能源结构转型、强力行政管控	限行、限购、管控排放规模、缺乏有效的技术措施;新能源汽车	初级水平,无有效的维权认知和渠道	未知 (2013-)	环境教育严重弱于应试科目,且体系不完善
日本	立法、高效的产业和能源结构转型	大幅度的技术进步和改良;混合动力汽车	对污染企业的大规模集体诉讼,捍卫权力,保护赖以生存的环境	10年 (1970-1980)	完备的环境教育体系;高效科普策略

研究主题	主要相关SCI文章（基于遥感反演PM_2.5浓度数据）		中文论文案例
格局分析	时空格局分析	Han et al, 2014; Lin et al, 2014; Han et al, 2015a, 2015b; Ma et al, 2016; Peng et al, 2016; Luo et al, 2017.	王振波等, 2015. 李沈鑫等, 2017; 别同, 韩立建, 何亮等, 2018
格局分析	空间相互作用分析	Han et al, 2014, 2015b.	王振波等, 2015. 李沈鑫等, 2017; 别同, 韩立建, 何亮等, 2018
健康影响	健康风险评估	Lim et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2013; Fleischer et al, 2014; Fu et al, 2015; Brauer et al, 2016; Ford et al, 2016; Liu et al, 2016; Xie et al, 2016; Guo et al, 2017; Lu et al, 2017.	王德庆等, 2012; 李辉等, 2013; 傅尧等, 2016; 张凡等, 2016; 刘帅等, 2016.
健康影响	人群污染暴露	Han et al, 2015a; van Donkelaar et al, 2015; He et al, 2016; Lin et al, 2016; Peng et al, 2016.	王德庆等, 2012; 李辉等, 2013; 傅尧等, 2016; 张凡等, 2016; 刘帅等, 2016.
社会经济影响	城市化与PM_2.5	Han et al, 2014; Han et al, 2015b; Han et al, 2016; Larkin et al, 2016; Li et al, 2016; Han et al, 2018a, 2018b.	张淑平等, 2016a; 王桂林等, 2017; 王桂芝等, 2017.
社会经济影响	其他因素	Lin et al, 2014; Li et al, 2016; Luo et al, 2017.	张淑平等, 2016a; 王桂林等, 2017; 王桂芝等, 2017.
气象要素影响		Lin et al, 2015.	张淑平等, 2016b.
复合主题	城市化对人群暴露的贡献	Han et al, 2017.	孙敏等, 2018; 别同, 韩立建, 田淑芳等, 2018.
复合主题	复合空气污染及其与城市化的关系	Han, Zhou, Pickett et al, 2018.	无