制造业重构背景下的中国经济地理研究转向

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.07.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

改革开放诱发了以市场化、全球化和分权化为特征的首轮制造业重构,劳动密集型制造业快速发展,尤其在中国沿海地区形成大量外向型产业集聚,并由此构成“旧”经济地理格局。进入21世纪,“旧”经济地理格局的弊端凸显,加上外部变化的冲击,催动了以“向上走”、“向西走”和“走出去”为主的第二轮产业重构,全球化、区域化和地方化的共同作用形成了“新”经济地理格局。制造业地理格局的剧变使得中国经济地理相关研究亦发生巨大转向,重心逐渐从关注市场化、全球化和分权化过渡到产业升级、转移和去地方化等要点。中国相关研究不仅验证西方经典理论,同时对改进西方理论亦有重大贡献,尤其在对制度政策、国内市场、中国企业的能动性在产业重构中的作用等方面极大弥补了经典经济地理学的缺陷。本文最后还就经典理论的整合和研究方法的普适性对相关研究进行了展望。

关键词: 制造业, 产业重构, 经济地理格局, 中国

Abstract:

During the 1980s and 1990s, China's economic transition and institutional change characterized by the triple process of marketization, decentralization, and globalization enabled it to emerge rapidly as a global supplier particularly of the low-end, labor-intensive manufacturing industries, resulting in enormous spatial and temporal variations of the economic landscape. However, since the early 2000s, the "race to the bottom" that typified the "China price" and the model of export-oriented industrialization has been challenged by various factors, which triggered another round of industrial restructuring and produced new economic geographies of production and employment in China. This article provides a review of existing research on the geographical and industrial dynamics of China's manufacturing industry, by paying particular attention to two strands of literature. One strand examines China's "old" economic geographies during the 1980s and 1990s, while the other strand builds on recent insights in economic geography on industrial clustering, global and regional production networks, upgrading, relocation, and national and regional industrial evolution, and takes into account the role of state actions and institutional contexts, the rise of China’s domestic market, the role of local agents, and other factors that have been often overlooked in traditional industrial restructuring literature.

Key words: manufacturing, industrial restructuring, pattern of economic geography, China

朱晟君, 王翀. 制造业重构背景下的中国经济地理研究转向[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(7): 865-879.

Shengjun ZHU, Chong WANG. Shifts in China's economic geography studies in an era of industrial restructuring[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(7): 865-879.

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	“旧”经济地理格局	“新”经济地理格局
时间阶段	改革开放后至2005年左右	2005年左右至今
诱发因素	改革开放	人口红利消失和劳动力成本上升土地、资源等其他要素成本上升金融危机之后外部需求下降国内环境和劳动保护规制加强
重点研究视角和理论	产业集群和产业集聚理论制度地理学	全球生产网络和全球价值链产业集聚和产业集聚区域生产网络演化经济地理制度地理学产业升级和转移相关理论
内部机制现象	市场化、分权化、全球化	全球化、区域化、地方化
	产业集聚和分散	产业升级(向上走) 区域化(向西走) 去地方化(走出去)
重要贡献	突出中国破碎化、动态化、多元化的制度环境对产业格局的影响,挑战和丰富了传统的基于“西方经验”的产业地理集聚和集群理论	一方面,中国制造业重构的研究提供了一个很好的整合现有不同经典理论的场景,使得经济地理学能更好地挖掘全球价值链、全球生产网络、演化经济地理、产业集群等理论的交叉领域;另一方面,该类研究不仅采用了西方经典经济地理学理论,而且关注国家干预、政策力量、本国市场的重要性、地方企业能动性等因素,弥补了现有西方经典理论的缺陷。
代表作	Fujita et al(2001), Wei(2001), Bai et al(2004), He et al(2008),金煜等 (2006),贺灿飞等(2007), 王缉慈等(2007),贺灿飞等(2010)	Wei(2010),Liao et al(2011),Zhu et al(2013),Zhu et al(2014),吴三忙等(2010),刘志高等(2014),刘志高等(2016)