农业结构调整与中国乡村转型发展——以河南省巩义市和鄢陵县为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.013

地理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 698-709.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.013

农业结构调整与中国乡村转型发展——以河南省巩义市和鄢陵县为例

李二玲^1,^2,³(), 胥亚男^2,^*(), 雍雅君², 魏莉霞²

1. 河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心暨黄河文明传承与现代文明建设河南省协同创新中心/中原经济区三化协调发展河南省协同创新中心,河南开封 475004
2. 河南大学环境与规划学院/农业与农村可持续发展研究所,河南开封 475004
3. 河南省城乡空间数据挖掘院士工作站,郑州 450000

收稿日期:2018-01-10 修回日期:2018-04-09 出版日期:2018-05-28 发布日期:2018-05-28
通讯作者: 胥亚男
作者简介:
作者简介：李二玲(1969-),女,河南兰考人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事产业集聚与区域创新发展研究,E-mail: erlingli@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41471105, 41430637);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(15JJDZONGHE008);河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划项目(16IRTSTHN012);河南省自然科学基金项目(182300410144)

Agricultural structure adjustment and rural transformation development in China：Taking Gongyi City and Yanling County as examples

Erling LI^1,^2,³(), Yanan XU^2,^*(), Yajun YONG², Lixia WEI²

1. Henan Collaborative Innovation Center for the Yellow River Civilization Heritage and Modern Civilization Construction/Henan Three New-Types Coordinated Development Center, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
2. School of Environment and Planning/Agricultural and Rural Sustainable Development Research Institute, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China
3. Academician Laboratory for Urban and Rural Spatial Data Mining, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China

Received:2018-01-10 Revised:2018-04-09 Online:2018-05-28 Published:2018-05-28
Contact: Yanan XU
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 41471105, No. 41430637;Key Project of the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Base in Ministry of Education, No. 15JJDZONGHE008;Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province, Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province, No. 16IRTSTHN012;Natural Science Foundation of Henan, No.182300410144

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业转型升级是中国乡村转型发展的主要引擎。而规模化、专业化生产是国际农业转型升级的方向。本文以两个不同乡村转型道路的典型县域(工业化转型的巩义市和农业现代化转型的鄢陵县)为例,利用区位熵、结构变化指数和专业化指数,在乡镇尺度深入分析新世纪以来乡村经济转型发展背景下乡村农业结构调整状况,以及由此带来的乡村景观再造。主要结论为：①基于市场需求的农业结构调整与乡村转型之间的相互作用是农产品提质增效倒逼耕地利用方式的现代化转变,并引致乡村景观的多功能再造。未来中国农业的转型方向将是规模化大宗农业与专业化精细农业并存;②无论是乡镇的非农化转型还是农业现代化转型,均可带来乡镇耕地的规模化、专业化利用以及农业内部的结构调整,并引致乡村的进一步转型。工业转型县农业结构以粮食作物为主要调整方向,农业现代化转型县以粮食和特色农作物为主要调整方向,并形成了特色专业村或产业集群;③农业结构调整方向更加与自然条件和资源禀赋相匹配,空间配置更加合理。

关键词: 农业结构调整, 专业化, 乡村转型, 巩义市, 鄢陵县, 河南省

Abstract:

Agricultural structure adjustment and upgrading is the main engine of Chinese rural transformation development, while large-scale and specialized production is the direction of such transformation in agriculture internationally. This study took an industrialized transformation county—Gongyi City and an agricultural modernization transformation county—Yanling County as examples, and used location quotient, structural change index, and specialization index, to analyze agricultural structure adjustment and reconstruction of rural landscape on the township level under the background of rural economic transformation. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The interaction between demand-based agricultural structure adjustment and rural transformation comes into being through the modernized change of cultivated land use, the quality improvement of agricultural products, and the multi-functional reconstruction of rural landscape. In the future, large-scale agriculture in grain production and specialized precision agriculture will co-exist in China; (2) Basically non-agricultural transformation and agricultural modernization transformation of rural economy both can bring the large-scale as well as specialized use of rural land and internal structure adjustment of agriculture. The industrialized transformation county takes grain crops as the main agricultural structure adjustment direction, and the county with agricultural modernization transformation adjusts towards grain crops and featured crops, forming specialized villages or agricultural clusters for production; (3) The adjustment of agricultural structure is aligned with natural conditions and resource endowments better than before, and spatial distribution is more optimized.

Key words: agricultural structure adjustment, specialization, rural transformation, Gongyi City, Yanling County, Henan Province

李二玲, 胥亚男, 雍雅君, 魏莉霞. 农业结构调整与中国乡村转型发展——以河南省巩义市和鄢陵县为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 698-709.

Erling LI, Yanan XU, Yajun YONG, Lixia WEI. Agricultural structure adjustment and rural transformation development in China：Taking Gongyi City and Yanling County as examples[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(5): 698-709.

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SPI	2001	2003	2005	2007	2009	2011	2013	2014	均值
河洛镇	33.9	37.3	50.3	47.9	49.8	51.7	53.9	52.3	47.2
夹津口镇	35.1	49.6	46.0	50.4	54.0	50.1	49.7	51.2	48.3
康店镇	35.1	32.8	29.5	37.5	31.4	30.3	32.1	39.1	33.5
涉村镇	37.9	53.3	42.9	47.1	55.5	53.3	54.5	54.2	49.8
米河镇	45.1	51.6	50.9	52.5	50.4	51.5	67.0	56.5	53.2
大峪沟镇	45.2	46.5	39.4	42.0	40.8	43.2	42.8	44.5	43.1
鲁庄镇	45.3	42.5	40.7	46.8	50.6	51.0	57.7	57.9	49.1
西村镇	45.5	52.2	52.4	53.4	55.4	49.4	49.5	55.5	51.7
新中镇	49.4	51.0	55.6	62.3	52.8	50.9	50.6	51.4	53.0
站街镇	53.0	49.4	51.5	52.2	52.7	53.3	40.7	59.6	51.6
芝田镇	53.4	56.3	56.9	62.7	61.4	57.2	54.1	58.4	57.5
回郭镇	54.8	53.1	53.9	55.0	59.1	58.0	52.0	57.0	55.4
小关镇	55.2	60.2	42.8	57.6	46.2	54.8	58.3	64.7	55.0
北山口镇	55.6	55.2	54.9	60.9	71.1	62.6	48.6	57.4	58.3
竹林镇	55.6	91.3	100.0	65.6	63.4	58.8	53.6	59.7	68.5
孝义镇	69.4	66.8	63.5	73.2	61.4	63.2	62.6	70.1	66.3
均值	48.1	53.1	52.0	54.2	53.5	52.5	51.7	55.6

	2003	2005	2007	2009	2011	2013	2014	平均值
安陵镇	50.3	87.9	87.8	47.8	48.7	53.2	53.2	61.2
柏梁镇	44.0	49.6	51.6	73.5	70.6	63.7	49.1	57.4
大马乡	41.5	31.5	53.4	43.0	44.2	55.5	55.6	46.4
陈化店镇	40.8	36.2	50.4	55.6	56.9	56.5	57.3	50.5
南坞乡	35.2	45.7	57.4	43.8	44.6	45.1	45.7	45.4
张桥乡	33.0	43.2	55.2	48.5	48.0	45.5	45.7	45.6
彭店乡	27.8	38.8	53.5	44.9	48.5	51.5	50.9	45.1
只乐乡	27.3	49.6	48.0	44.9	47.6	46.4	45.2	44.1
马栏镇	27.1	30.6	50.4	48.1	51.6	50.6	50.5	44.1
马坊乡	26.1	54.9	53.3	45.4	47.5	50.1	49.9	46.7
陶城乡	25.9	46.9	42.0	41.6	44.5	44.6	49.9	42.2
望田镇	22.3	40.6	46.5	44.4	45.8	42.2	42.0	40.5
平均值	33.4	46.3	54.1	48.5	49.8	50.4	49.6

农业结构调整与中国乡村转型发展——以河南省巩义市和鄢陵县为例

Agricultural structure adjustment and rural transformation development in China：Taking Gongyi City and Yanling County as examples

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