基于“三生”空间的传统村落人居环境演变及驱动机制——以湖南江永县兰溪村为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.011

地理科学进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 677-687.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.05.011

基于“三生”空间的传统村落人居环境演变及驱动机制——以湖南江永县兰溪村为例

李伯华^1,^2,³(), 曾灿^1,^2,^*(), 窦银娣^1,^2,³, 刘沛林^1,^2,³, 陈驰^1,^2,³

1. 湖南省人居环境学研究基地,湖南衡阳 421002
2. 衡阳师范学院城市与旅游学院,湖南衡阳 421002
3. 古村古镇文化遗产数字化传承湖南省协同创新中心,湖南衡阳 421002

收稿日期:2017-09-07 修回日期:2018-01-18 出版日期:2018-05-28 发布日期:2018-05-28
通讯作者: 曾灿
作者简介:
作者简介：李伯华(1979-),男,湖北黄冈人,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事人居环境学研究,E-mail: libeny_2058@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41571161, 41501191);湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会项目(XSP18YBZ041);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(16C0229）;湖南省人居环境学研究基地开放项目(RJ1603)

Change of human settlement environment and driving mechanism in traditional villages based on living-production-ecological space：A case study of Lanxi Village, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province

Bohua LI^1,^2,³, Can ZENG^1,^2,^*(), Yindi DOU^1,^2,³, Peilin LIU^1,^2,³, Chi CHEN^1,^2,³

1. Research Establishment for Human Settlement, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
2. College of City and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China
3. Cooperative Innovation Centre for Digitalization of Cultural Heritage in Ancient Villages and Town, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China

Received:2017-09-07 Revised:2018-01-18 Online:2018-05-28 Published:2018-05-28
Contact: Can ZENG
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571161, No.41501191;Review Committee Project of Hunan Social Science, No. XSP18YBZ041;Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province, No.16C0229;Open Project of Research Establishment for Human Settlement of Hunan Province, No. RJ1603

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在快速城市化与乡村旅游开发背景下,从“三生”空间视角探索乡村人居环境演变特征和发展机理,可在一定程度上反映出中国传统村落发展的一般规律。本文以湖南省江永县兰溪村为例,基于参与性农村调查与评估(PRA)、GIS空间分析等方法,研究了其“三生”空间演变的过程、格局与机制,结果如下：①从“三生”空间视角,分析了传统村落人居环境与“三生”空间的系统耦合特征。认为传统村落人居环境在空间上要实现生活空间宜居、生产功能协调和生态空间优美,这与“三生”空间系统目标和特征非常契合;②从“三生”空间演变特征来看,兰溪村生活空间由血缘集聚向外围扩散转换,生产空间由农业功能向旅游功能转型,生态空间由外部整体收缩向内部斑块化发展。“三生”空间演变过程是一个相互交织、相互渗透的过程,“三生”空间逐渐由传统的人居空间向新型复合空间转变;③传统村落“三生”空间格局的演变过程,是在旅游市场需求、政府政策引导、空间行为转变和自组织反应力的内外双重驱动作用下的结果,内力驱动主要集中在农户生活空间结构特征上的延续与转化,外力驱动主要体现在生产和生态空间结构的转型与更替。

关键词: “三生”空间;, 传统村落, 人居环境, 驱动机制, 江永县兰溪村

Abstract:

Under the background of rapid urbanization and rural tourism development, this study explored the characteristics and development mechanism of human settlement change in Lanxi Village, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province from the perspective of living-production-ecological space, which to some extent can reflect the general patterns of traditional village development in China. Based on participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and GIS spatial analysis, this study examined the process, pattern, and mechanism of change of living-production-ecological space of Lanxi Village. The results show that: (1) Through analyzing the system coupling features of traditional villages’ human settlement environment and living-production-ecological space and based on the living-production-ecological space theory, we believe that traditional villages’ human settlement environment should contain livable living space, coordinated production functions, and beautiful ecological space, which accord with the goals and features of living-production-ecological space system. (2) The living space of Lanxi Village transformed from consanguineous concentration to expansion to the periphery; the production space transformed from agricultural function to tourism function; and the ecological space transformed from external overall contraction to patchy distribution. The processes of change of living-production-ecological space were intertwined and interpenetrative. Also living-production-ecological space of Lanxi Village gradually transformed from traditional human settlement space to new multiple use complex space. (3) Change in living-production-ecological space pattern was caused by both internal and external driving factors that include tourism market demand, government policies, spatial behavior transformation, and self-organizing reactions. The internal driving forces focused on the continuation and transformation of living space structural features, while the external driving factors were mainly embodied at the transformation and replacement of production and ecological space structures. Seen from the degree of adaptation to change of Lanxi Village, there are still many problems that remain to be solved. So this article suggests reconstitute the living-production-ecological space and explore sustainable human settlement construction mode of traditional villages.

Key words: living-production-ecological space, traditional village, settlement environment, driving mechanism, Lanxi Village of Jiangyong County

李伯华, 曾灿, 窦银娣, 刘沛林, 陈驰. 基于“三生”空间的传统村落人居环境演变及驱动机制——以湖南江永县兰溪村为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(5): 677-687.

Bohua LI, Can ZENG, Yindi DOU, Peilin LIU, Chi CHEN. Change of human settlement environment and driving mechanism in traditional villages based on living-production-ecological space：A case study of Lanxi Village, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(5): 677-687.

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空间类型	类型表征	兼容性阐释
生产空间	具有较高的生产社会化和科学化水平,实现了土地产出效率、劳动生产效率和资源利用效率的深度统一,实现了生产空间集约高效与城乡统筹发展的高度融合。	地域空间环境系统要求生产空间能够满足人们基本生活需要,并随外界环境变化,生产空间结构、功能与效率不断转型升级。
生活空间	合理的农村聚落布局,适度的人口集中居住,完善的基础配套设施,互动的城乡生活空间,宜居的乡村人居环境。	社会文化环境系统重点表达了人们社会空间、居住空间和公共空间的结构特征和变化,试图营造一个舒适、便捷的宜居空间。
生态空间	宏观上,具有良好的生态空间格局,微观上,保持良好的生境质量和景观多样性,成为城乡发展重要的绿色空间和生态屏障。	自然生态环境系统是生产生活空间的物质载体和环境基础,是传统村落人居环境可持续发展的先决条件,生态功能维系不可或缺。

基于“三生”空间的传统村落人居环境演变及驱动机制——以湖南江永县兰溪村为例

Change of human settlement environment and driving mechanism in traditional villages based on living-production-ecological space：A case study of Lanxi Village, Jiangyong County, Hunan Province

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