扶贫模式可持续减贫效应的分析框架及机理探析

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.04.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“精准扶贫”是近年中国全面推进建设小康社会的重大战略举措,精准识别扶贫对象、精准安排扶贫项目、精准监测脱贫成效是“精准扶贫”战略的核心内容,如何保障系列“精准”的实现亟需科学、系统的评估方法和评测手段作支撑。为从多维度、动态、一体化角度对扶贫项目的可持续减贫效果进行评估,本文针对中国目前已在执行的各种扶贫项目减贫效果评估多偏重经济维度、缺乏机理解析和可持续性评价等问题,借鉴DFID可持续生计分析的学术思想,提出了适用于扶贫模式可持续减贫效应评估的分析框架,进而对社会保障式、项目建设式、产业化、科学技术、移民与城镇化、易地搬迁与安置、信贷、参与式等8种扶贫模式可持续减贫的作用机理进行了探析。研究结果既能展示扶贫模式的减贫作用机理与贫困群体特征的契合程度,又能分析扶贫模式对贫困群体多维度及可持续的生计改善状况,同时也可为系统、综合、定量地评估可持续减贫效果的方法模型发展提供思路借鉴。

关键词: 扶贫模式, 脆弱性, 可持续生计, 减贫效应, 作用机理

Abstract:

The "targeted poverty alleviation policy" is one of the most important strategies in recent years for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way. Among the many contents of this strategy, accurately identifying poor people and groups, arranging anti-poverty projects, and monitoring the effects of poverty reduction are the three core aspects. To ensure effective implementation of these policy objectives, a series of scientific and systematic methods for estimating and assessing the accuracy and efficiency of poverty reduction are necessary. However, related studies so far have focused mostly on the economic dimension, and very few of them have explored the underlying mechanisms or assessed the sustainability of poverty-reduction effects. From a multidimensional, dynamic, and systematic perspective, this article categorizes the anti-poverty models in rural China according to the main aspects each project works with, formulates a framework for analyzing the sustainable poverty-reduction effects of these models based on the sustainable livelihoods framework proposed by DFID, and then explores the working mechanism of each anti-poverty model. The result shows that the proposed framework can not only express whether the mechanism of an anti-poverty model matches the characteristics of the target poor people, but also assess the improvements it brings in multiple dimensions of people’s livelihoods and its sustainability. Thus the framework may help shine light on the development of systematic, comprehensive, and quantitative methods or models for estimating the sustainable poverty-reduction effects of anti-poverty projects.

Key words: anti-poverty model, vulnerability, sustainable livelihoods, poverty-reduction effect, mechanism

刘艳华, 徐勇. 扶贫模式可持续减贫效应的分析框架及机理探析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(4): 567-578.

Yanhua LIU, Yong XU. Analytical framework of sustainable poverty-reduction effect and mechanisms of anti-poverty models[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(4): 567-578.

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单项扶贫模式	具体项目措施
社会保障式扶贫	社会救济;五保供养制度;社会保障体系
项目建设式扶贫	以工代赈;生活和生产性基础设施和服务设施建设;环境改善和生态治理项目;防灾减灾项目
产业化扶贫	公司+基地+农户;地方优势/特色农业、工业、旅游业等产业培育;产业合作社
科学技术扶贫	科技研发/推广扶贫;信息化扶贫;教育培训扶贫
移民与城镇化扶贫	教育移民、劳务移民、城镇化
易地搬迁与安置扶贫	易地搬迁与安置
信贷扶贫	贴息贷款、小额信贷
参与式扶贫	—