中国纺织企业海外直接投资空间格局

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.03.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

经过几十年的发展,中国纺织工业已经成为对就业和出口创汇具有重要影响的行业之一。近10年来,受全球贸易环境震荡和自身生产成本上升的影响,中国国内生产的纺织产品在国际市场的竞争力逐步下降,大量企业开始向海外投资,进行产业转移。如何优化海外投资布局、创造新的发展优势,事关中国纺织工业可持续发展能力的提升。本文基于政府部门的统计数据以及企业访谈数据,在回顾中国纺织企业对外直接投资趋势的基础上,分析了其海外直接投资的空间分布格局和产业活动类型选择,而后剖析了该行业海外投资面临的困难和挑战,并提出了差异化对外投资策略。

关键词: 纺织企业, 对外直接投资, 区位选择, 空间差异化战略, 中国

Abstract:

China's textile industry has gained encouraging achievements and become a primary industry integrating investment, production, consumption, employment opportunity provision, and foreign exchange earning. However, in recent years, influenced by its own developmental dilemma and instabilities in the global economic environment, weaknesses in its development have gradually surfaced. Enhancing its competitiveness and sustainable development capability by optimizing the layout of foreign investment and creating new development advantages will play an important role in the development of China's textile industry. On the basis of reviewing existing studies on foreign direct investment of domestic textile enterprises, supplemented by statistical information, field research, and interviews of senior managers, this article presents an analytical framework of spatial strategies of foreign investment of China's textile enterprises. This article also analyzes the spatial distribution and choice of industry of foreign direct investment of China's textile enterprises. At last, this article analyzes the difficulties and challenges of foreign direct investment and put forward spatially differentiated strategies for foreign investment of China's textile enterprises.

Key words: textile enterprises, foreign direct investment, locational choice, spatially differentiated strategies, China

范毓婷, 刘卫东. 中国纺织企业海外直接投资空间格局[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(3): 418-426.

Yuting FAN, Weidong LIU. Spatial pattern of foreign direct investment of China's textile enterprises[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(3): 418-426.

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年份	纺织工业投资额/百万美元				纺织工业占制造业比重/%	纺织工业对外投资同比增长/%
年份	纺织业			纺织服装服饰业	化学纤维制造业	合计
2003	9294	983	l93	10470	16.8	—
2004	7961	2300	1204	11465	15.2	11.6
2005	3583	1986	306	5875	2.6	-48.8
2006	4942	1857	2019	8818	9.7	50.1
2007	3184	5202	l634	8386	3.9	-4.9
2008	9327	20378	1184	30889	17.5	268.3
2009	16288	4624	438	21350	9.5	-30.9
2010	12868	1680	2274	16822	3.6	-21.2
2011	11284	13357	1674	26315	3.7	56.4
2012	25552	22106	6801	54459	6.3	107.0

时间	20世纪70年代末	20世纪80年代初	20世纪80年代-90年代	20世纪90年代中后期	20世纪90年代末	2000年开始
地点	江苏、湖北、北京等地	毛里求斯、牙买加、新加坡、中国台湾、菲律宾等地	广东、浙江、江苏	新疆	内地沿海城市	越南阳、边和、以及良山工业区
主要事件	补偿贸易	去国外投资,建制衣厂	投资转回内地,建制衣厂	购置棉田,种植棉花,建棉纺厂	建染整厂和色织厂	建制衣厂