全球视野下崩岗侵蚀地貌及其研究进展

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2018.03.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

典型的崩岗具有“圆形露天剧场”般的沟头,发育在深厚的红色花岗岩风化壳上,通常包括集水坡面、崩壁、崩积体、沟道、洪积扇5个地貌组成部分;崩壁自上而下可分为表土层、风化红粘土层(红土层)、风化砂质红粘土层(砂土层)、风化粗碎屑层(碎屑层)。中国的崩岗与马达加斯加的lavaka属于同类地貌,两者具有地貌学上的可比性。崩岗群是劣地的表现形式之一,但与欧洲的badland有不同的侵蚀过程,也不同于意大利和巴西的两种沟谷侵蚀地貌calanchi和vocoroca。崩岗主要发育在华南和东南热带和亚热带湿润季风气候区中等偏缓的丘陵坡地上,由沟谷侵蚀发展而成,是沟谷侵蚀的高级阶段。崩岗沟道侵蚀产沙量占崩岗沟谷流域侵蚀产沙量的一半以上,其中沟道沟壁崩塌侵蚀产沙量与沟床下切侵蚀产沙量又各占崩岗沟道侵蚀产沙量的一半左右。野外人工模拟降雨试验是研究崩岗流域侵蚀、产流和产沙过程的有效手段。崩岗流域侵蚀产沙量可以通过崩岗沟谷和洪积扇地形测量加以估算。

关键词: 崩岗流域, 地形测量分析, 模拟降雨, 坡面径流, 沟蚀过程, 产沙量

Abstract:

The typical benggang has an amphitheater-like gully-head, mainly occurs in the deeply weathered granite area in southern and southeastern China. It usually consists of five parts: water-collection slope, headwall, colluvium, channel, and debris fan. From top to bottom, benggang headwall may be divided into four soil layers: topsoil, red soil, sandy soil, and clastic soil. Benggang in China and lavaka in Madagascar belong to the same type of landform with comparable geomorphologic characteristics. Benggang may be considered as one of the badland landscapes, but it has different erosion process. It is also different from the other two gully erosion landforms in Italy and Brazil: calanchi and vocoroca. Benggang is mainly distributed in moderate hilly region and subtropical maritime climate zone of southern and southeastern China. Usually benggang is also considered to develop from gully erosion, and it is treated as the advanced stage of gully evolution. The sediment yield of benggang channel erosion accounts for more than half of the sediment amount of the whole benggang gully catchment, and likewise the sediment yield of channel-bed accounts for about half of the sediment amount of the whole gully catchment. Simulated rainfall is a powerful tool to study the effects of rainfall on surface processes and erosion. The in situ artificial simulated rainfall is an effective method to study benggang erosion, slope runoff, and sediment transportation in benggang gully catchment. Benggang erosion is a geomorphic critical phenomenon. This critical phenomenon occurs only when the rainfall, topography, soil, and runoff exceed their critical thresholds. Field artificial rainfall experiments based on simulated rainfall-slope runoff-erosion process-sediment production observations may greatly improve the understanding of benggang erosion in southern and southeastern China. The sediment yield of benggang catchment may be estimated by the morphometric analyses on the topographies of benggang gully and debris fan

Key words: benggang catchment, morphometric analysis, simulated rainfall, slope runoff, gullying process, sedi ment yield

刘希林. 全球视野下崩岗侵蚀地貌及其研究进展[J]. 地理科学进展, 2018, 37(3): 342-351.

Xilin LIU. Benggang erosion landform and research progress in a global perspective[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2018, 37(3): 342-351.

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国别	使用者	年份	降雨高度/m	降雨面积/m²	应用实例
荷兰	Blijenberg et al	1996	1.5	1×1	坡面泥石流启动
瑞士	Wildhaber et al	2012	1.5	1×1	坡面侵蚀与产流产沙
中国	Huang J et al	2013	1.2	1.5×1	降雨强度和坡度对渗透的影响
中国	Ni H Y	2015	4.5	2.5×1.2	沟谷泥石流启动
中国	Cao et al	2015	3.0	1×1	水土流失
中国	刘希林等	2015	2.0	2×1	崩积体坡面产流