环渤海地区城市人居环境质量评估及影响因素

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市人居环境是城市居民生活质量和满意度的重要内容。本文以环渤海地区44个城市为例,从人居硬环境和软环境两方面评价人居环境指数,运用描述统计和GIS制图方法,分析环渤海地区城市人居环境综合质量空间差异及其影响因素,研究发现：①人居环境综合指数存在显著空间差异,沿海城市的人居环境质量明显高于内陆城市;在省级行政单元中,辽宁省人居环境综合指数最高,天津最低。②环渤海地区城市人居环境指数与经济发展水平和城镇化水平不存在显著的正相关关系,但与人口规模存在显著的负相关关系,表明仅提升经济发展水平和城市化率并不能提升城市人居环境质量,但合理控制城市人口规模则可有助于提升城市人居环境质量。

关键词: 人居环境, 环渤海地区, 综合评价, 社会经济驱动力

Abstract:

Urban human settlement environment plays a very important role in the life quality and satisfaction of urban residents. This study employed descriptive statistics and GIS mapping methods to analyze the spatial heterogeneity and socioeconomic influencing factors of human settlement environment in the Bohai Rim area. The conclusions are as follows. There are significant spatial heterogeneities in "hard" human settlement environment index (HHI), "soft" human settlement environment index (SHI), and human settlement environment quality composite index (HSCI). The quality of human settlement environment in coastal cities is significantly higher than that in inland cities. For the provincial administrative units, Liaoning has the highest HSCI; HSCI in Tianjin is the lowest. The correlation analysis between socioeconomic factors and HSCI further shows that there is no significant positive correlation between the HSCI values and the level of economic development and urbanization in the Bohai Rim area—more prosperous economy and higher urbanization rate cannot bring in higher quality of human settlement environment; but there is a significant negative correlation between the HSCI and population in the Bohai Rim area. Therefore the control of urban population in the region will be helpful for improving the quality of human settlement environment.

Key words: human settlement, Bohai Rim area, integrated evaluation, socioeconomic factors

陈呈奕, 张文忠, 湛东升, 李雪丽. 环渤海地区城市人居环境质量评估及影响因素[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(12): 1562-1570.

Chengyi CHEN, Wenzhong ZHANG, Dongsheng ZHAN, Xueli LI. Quantitative evaluation of human settlement environment and influencing factors in the Bohai Rim area[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(12): 1562-1570.

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目标层	准则层	指标层	单位
人居硬环境	居住条件	人均居住面积	m²
人居硬环境		燃气普及率	%
		用水普及率	%
	公共服务设施	每百人公共图书馆藏书	册
		每万人医院床位数	张
		每万人普通中学数	所
		互联网普及率	%
		每百人拥有移动电话数	部
	交通便捷性	每万人拥有出租车数量	辆
		人均道路面积	m²
		每万人拥有公共汽车	辆
	环境宜人性	建成区绿化覆盖率	%
		人均公园绿地面积	m²
		人均烟粉尘排放量	t
		人均工业废水排放量	t
		人均工业二氧化硫排放量	t
		空气质量二级以上天数占全年比例	%
人居软环境	社会文化环境	城市特色文化氛围	满意度1~5分
		市民文化素质	满意度1~5分
		社会包容性	满意度1~5分
		城市归属感	满意度1~5分
		历史文脉保护	满意度1~5分
	城市安全性	交通安全	满意度1~5分
		社会治安	满意度1~5分
		防灾应急能力	满意度1~5分

准则层	平均值	最大值	最小值	标准差
居住条件	0.599	0.928	0.219	0.139
公共服务设施	0.367	0.656	0.094	0.160
交通便捷性	0.273	0.789	0.054	0.141
环境宜人性	0.467	0.800	0.247	0.140
社会文化环境	0.480	0.979	0.081	0.196
城市安全性	0.529	1.000	0.070	0.180

相关分析项	人均GDP	人口规模	城镇化水平
居住条件	0.280^*	-0.203	0.183
公共服务设施	0.416^***	-0.454^***	0.572^***
交通便捷性	0.088	0.289^*	0.060
环境宜人性	0.208	-0.455^***	0.245
社会文化环境	0.112	-0.197	-0.001
城市安全性	0.204	-0.308^**	0.130
人居硬环境指数	0.355^**	-0.353^**	0.404^***
人居软环境指数	-0.006	-0.249	0.034
人居环境综合指数	0.228	-0.303^**	0.195