地理科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 774-783.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.06.012
• 研究综述 • 上一篇
出版日期:
2017-06-20
发布日期:
2017-06-20
作者简介:
作者简介:张红霞(1982- ),安徽宣城人,讲师,博士研究生,主要从事旅游影响和低碳旅游研究, E-mail:
基金资助:
Hongxia ZHANG1,2(), Qin SU1, Yuguo TAO2
Online:
2017-06-20
Published:
2017-06-20
Supported by:
摘要:
在全球致力于积极应对气候变化的时代背景下,旅游业已成为许多国家和地区实施经济低碳转型的优势产业、先导产业和窗口产业,而住宿业则在此中发挥着重要的作用。本文从必要性、障碍因素和对策措施3个方面梳理了住宿业节能减碳的相关研究成果,并对住宿业能耗和碳排放核算的方法进行了归纳总结,在此基础上探讨了已有研究存在的不足之处,并指出进一步研究的方向。综述发现:国外相关研究已有一定基础,但住宿业能耗与碳排放的核算方法体系还有待深入探讨;国内对于住宿业节能减碳的必要性、能耗与碳排放核算等也有一些尝试研究,但总体仍相对滞后,缺乏研究的系统性和深度。后续研究应在借鉴国际相关研究经验的基础上,紧扣中国住宿业实情,通过加强对非星级住宿企业的分析以全面把握研究对象,确立能耗和碳排放核算框架、完善核算方法体系,通过分阶段、分类型、分区域核算与分析进一步拓展住宿业节能减碳的研究内容。
张红霞, 苏勤, 陶玉国. 住宿业节能减碳研究进展及启示[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(6): 774-783.
Hongxia ZHANG, Qin SU, Yuguo TAO. Research progress in energy saving and carbon emission reduction research of the tourist accommodation industry[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(6): 774-783.
表1
不同国家和地区住宿业的能耗和碳排放"
国家或地区 | 住宿类型 | 能源消耗/(GJ/a) | 碳排放/(Mt/a) | 核算年份 | 资料来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
全球 | 住宿业 | 5×108 | 80.5 | 2001 | G?ssling, 2002 |
新西兰(加总) | 住宿业 | 2885 | Becken et al, 2001 | ||
瑞士 | 非住宅住宿设施(酒店、餐馆、学生宿舍 ) | 7700 | 2002 | SEA, 2003 | |
中国香港(预测) | 住宿业 | 3.9×106 | 0.7 | 2003 | Chan, 2002 |
欧洲 | 住宿业 | 1.4×108 | >10 | CHOSEa, 2001; Bohdanowiczb, 2005 | |
中国长三角地区 | 住宿业 | 6.6 | 2011 | 陶玉国等, 2013 |
表2
住宿业碳排放核算的主要方法"
类型 | 方法概述 | 适用范围 | 主要数据来源 | 优点 | 缺 点 | 代表性文献 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
自上而下法 | 投入产出分析法:基于住宿业能源投入与产出进行碳排放核算 | 适用于从宏观和整体上估算行业或者区域的总体碳排放状况,无法开展细分住宿类型的相关研究 | 各国/地区公布的投入产出表 | 数据收集便捷,可以与国民经济其他行业进行横向对比 | 难以对不同等级、不同业态的住宿业进行细化分析 | 高兴等,2007;刘益,2012 |
能源消费法'通过剥离出住宿业的能源消耗数据进行碳排放核算 | 各类能源统计年鉴 | 操作便捷 | 能耗剥离系数难以确定 | Liu et al2011; 谢园方等,2012 | ||
基于温室气体统计的自上而下法 | 旅游卫星账户,温室气体统计数据 | 操作简单,便于动态跟踪监测和比较( | 必须建立能耗和温室气体排放统计平台 | G?ssling,2002; Perch-Nielsen,2010 | ||
自下而上法 | 碳足迹理论与方法(LCA)'基于企业能耗、物质消耗、废弃物排放等数据进行住宿产品全生命周期的碳排放核算 | 适用于从住宿企业个体出发进行碳排放核算,可以进行细分类型核算 | 住宿企业的能源和物质消耗等数据 | 核算结果较为精准、全面 | 操作比较复杂,无法完整收集全生命周期所有数据,难以进行行业间横向对比研究 | 李鹏等,2010;Filimonau et al, 2011;Yi,2011; Lai,2015;杨璐等,2015 |
基于单位床位或者单位游客的能耗进行碳排放核算的自下而上法 | 既可以进行单体住宿企业的测算,也可以进行全行业 核算 | 住宿企业床位数或宾客数、能耗相关数据 | 适用性较广,方便开展横向和纵向比较研究 | 数据收集难度较大,合理选择碳排放系数和单位能耗值较为困难,核算结果偏小 | G?ssling,2002;Becken,2005;Beccali et al, 2009;石培华等,2011;Lai et al,2012;陶玉国等,2013;沈杨等,2016 |
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