天然林资源保护一期工程生态成效评估——以甘肃小陇山地区为例

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

天然林资源保护工程是在中国广泛开展的一项重要生态建设工程。本文在构建生态多元评估指标体系的基础上,评估工程实施的生态成效,对于其进一步决策与管理具有重要的科学意义。通过遥感、生态系统质量等多源数据融合,采用生态系统宏观格局、生态系统质量、生态系统服务等方面指标的现状和时空变化特征,评估小陇山地区天然林保护一期工程(2000-2010年)实施成效。结果表明：①工程实施后,小陇山地区落叶阔叶林、落叶阔叶灌木林、草地等生态系统类型的面积大幅度增加,生态系统宏观状况转好,其中黄河流域生态系统宏观状况转好趋势明显好于长江流域。②研究区叶面积指数(LAI)和最大植被覆盖度(FC)在2000-2010年期间的多年变化斜率分别为0.022和0.510,生态系统质量上升趋势明显。其中黄河流域改善程度高于长江流域。③2010年研究区固碳量为700.20 t/hm²,相比工程初期的2000年增加了4.69%;工程实施之后的10年间,研究区水源涵养量呈增长趋势,土壤保持量亦呈增长趋势;就流域而言,黄河流域的生态系统服务的提升程度均更为明显。

关键词: 天然林资源保护工程, 生态系统宏观格局, 生态系统质量, 生态系统服务, 小陇山, 甘肃省

Abstract:

The natural forest protection project (NFPP) is one of the most widely implemented ecological construction projects in China. By establish multiple ecological indicators, this study try to evaluate its ecological effect, which has important scientific value for the future decision. This study used remote sensing and ecosystem quality data and related indicators to assess the characteristics of change of macro ecological pattern, ecosystem quality, and ecosystem services in the Xiaolongshan region, Gansu Province during the NFPP from 2000-2010. The results show that: (1) After the implementation of the NFPP, broadleaved deciduous forest, broadleaved deciduous shrub, and grassland areas increased substantially, and the ecosystem quality in general clearly improved. The improvement was greater in the Yellow River basin as compared to the Yangtze River basin. (2) The average values of the ecosystem quality indicators of LAI and FC was 0.022 and 0.510 during 2000-2010, with an increasing trend. (3) In 2010, the carbon storage value was 700.20 t/hm², increased by 4.69% during the first-phase of the NFPP. The slope value of water conservation was 0.08, with an increasing trend as well. The slope value of soil conservation was 1.68, also with an increasing trend.

Key words: natural forest protection project (NFPP), macro ecological pattern, ecosystem quality, ecosystem services, Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province

孙传谆, 甄霖, 王超, 胡洁, 杜秉贞. 天然林资源保护一期工程生态成效评估——以甘肃小陇山地区为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(6): 732-740.

Chuanzhun SUN, Lin ZHEN, Chao WANG, Jie HU, Bingzhen DU. Assessment of the ecological effects of the first-phase natural forest protection project in the Xiaolongshan region, Gansu Province[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(6): 732-740.

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地类	现状				变化(2000-2010年)
	2000			2010	全区			黄河流域			长江流域
	面积/hm²		比例/%	面积/hm²	比例/%		变化面积/hm²	变化比例/%	变化面积/hm²	变化比例/%	变化面积/hm²	变化比例/%
草地	285692	14.02	326104	16.00	40408	14.15		25078	14.24		15329	14.01
湿地	4194	0.21	4169	0.20	-27	-0.64		23	1.52		-49	-1.83
耕地	804608	39.49	741919	36.41	-62683	-7.79		-33884	-7.51		-28799	-8.15
人工表面	17780	0.87	19754	0.97	1973	11.09		1376	10.21		597	13.86
其他	15437	0.76	16567	0.81	1132	7.33		837	10.01		295	4.17
林地	909979	44.66	929179	45.60	19198	2.11		6570	2.27		12628	2.04

类型	草地	湿地	耕地	人工表面	其他	林地
草地	285191	0	217	150	0	31
湿地	11	4012	157	0	4	0
耕地	40315	23	741229	1738	1810	19293
人工表面	0	0	0	17779	0	0
其他	438	122	67	50	14749	7
林地	41	0	55	35	2	909609

林地类别	2000			2010			变化(2000-2010)
林地类别	面积/hm²		占比/%		面积/hm²	占比/%	面积变化/hm²	占比变化/%
落叶阔叶林	441028	48.47		449739	48.40		8711	1.98
常绿针叶林	16149	1.77		16149	1.74		0	0.00
针阔混交林	38673	4.25		38714	4.17		41	0.10
落叶阔叶灌木林	414080	45.50		424528	45.69		10448	2.52
乔木园地	44	0.00		44	0.00		0.00	0.00
乔木绿地	4	0.00		4	0.00		0.00	0.00
林地总面积	909979	100.00		929179	100.00		19199	2.11

	LAI			FC
	多年平均值		斜率	多年平均值/%	斜率
全区	2.46	0.0221		74.29	0.5099
黄河流域	1.94	0.0308		67.86	0.6765
长江流域	2.91	0.0147		79.81	0.3673

	服务指标	时间	黄河流域	长江流域	全区
固碳功能	固碳量/(t/hm²)	1990	448.60	869.63	675.45
		2000	443.90	861.35	668.83
		2010	467.49	899.38	700.20
水源涵养功能	水源涵养量/(万m³/km²)	1990-2000	3.53	6.11	4.92
	水源涵养量/(万m³/km²)	2000-2010	4.11	6.28	5.28
	水源涵养量斜率	1990-2000	-0.09	-0.14	-0.12
	水源涵养量斜率	2000-2010	0.05	0.10	0.08
	水源涵养保有率/%	1990-2000	41.13	51.33	46.67
	水源涵养保有率/%	2000-2010	45.54	53.90	50.08
	水源涵养保有率斜率	1990-2000	0.0025	0.0025	0.0025
	水源涵养保有率斜率	2000-2010	0.0072	0.0063	0.0067
土壤保持功能	土壤侵蚀量/(t/hm²)	1990-2000	38.21	24.55	30.85
	土壤侵蚀量/(t/hm²)	2000-2010	26.63	16.70	21.28
	土壤侵蚀量斜率	1990-2000	-2.50	-0.78	-1.57
	土壤侵蚀量斜率	2000-2010	-1.91	-1.13	-1.49
	土壤保持量/(t/hm²)	1990-2000	45.53	71.37	59.45
	土壤保持量/(t/hm²)	2000-2010	58.73	78.25	69.25
	土壤保持量斜率	1990-2000	-1.94	-2.34	-2.15
	土壤保持量斜率	2000-2010	0.85	2.39	1.68
	土壤保持保有率/%	1990-2000	52.22	67.64	60.53
	土壤保持保有率/%	2000-2010	67.13	77.72	72.84
	土壤保持保有率斜率	1990-2000	0.0011	-0.0007	0.0001
	土壤保持保有率斜率	2000-2010	0.0218	0.0165	0.0189