基于空间分形特征的城市群实体空间识别方法

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市群是城市地理学的重要研究领域,对城市群的实体空间进行界定识别是研究城市群的前提和基础。城市群作为众多城镇的集群,前人对城市群的空间识别主要是以城市为单元进行的,缺少对识别单元空间形态的考虑。城市群实体空间的形态具有自相似性,空间分形特征可作为自相似性的表征工具,通过对空间分形特征的分析、识别及提取,可以实现对空间对象基于形态的客观测度。本文借鉴单个城市其边界的相关识别方法,从不同尺度的空间最小可识别单元出发,测度城市群城镇空间形态的分形特征,并据此提出了城市群城镇的客观识别方法。该方法利用城镇的空间分形特征识别归属于城市群的城镇,通过空间最小可识别单元的变化得到不同的城镇规模并获取城市群城镇的空间分形特征,再以此为基础对空间分形特征的存在范围进行识别,将其映射于空间最终实现对城市群城镇的识别,进而得到城市群在空间上的分布状况。本文将该方法应用于京津冀城市群,基于2016年Landsat卫星遥感影像,实现了对京津冀城市群构成城镇的识别,为界定城市群的实体空间提供了一次有益尝试。

关键词: 城市群, 实体空间, 空间识别, 空间形态, 分形特征

Abstract:

Urban system study is an important field of urban geography. Identification of the physical space of urban systems is a precondition and basis for the research on urban systems. Existing research on urban system identification primarily took city as the minimum unit since urban systems are aggregations of towns and cities. They determine whether a city belong to an urban system through the comparison between values of selected indicators and the criteria set by subjective estimates, which unfortunately lacks consideration of spatial morphology. The morphology of the physical space of urban systems has self-similarity, which can be expressed by the feature of fractal. Through the analysis, identification, and extraction of fractals we can describe the spatial objects objectively based on morphology. In this study, by referencing the experience in identifying boundary of individual cities by fractal, we measured the spatial fractal feature of towns of urban systems from the perspective of spatially identifiable minimum unit at different scales, and proposed a method to identify the towns of urban systems. Through the change of identifiable minimum unit we obtained different scales of towns by which we derive their spatial fractal feature. Then, the range of spatial fractal features was identified, and the identification of urban systems that is the spatial distribution of urban systems was achieved by mapping the range to the space. Finally, this study applied the method to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban system and achieved the identification of the system based on Landsat images in 2016.

Key words: urban systems, physical space, space identification, spatial morphology, fractal

刘飞, 郑新奇, 黄晴. 基于空间分形特征的城市群实体空间识别方法[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(6): 677-684.

Fei LIU, Xinqi ZHENG, Qing HUANG. Identification of the physical space of urban systems based on fractal analysis[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(6): 677-684.

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最小可识别单元(面积)/m²	城镇数量/个	城镇总面积/m²
2000	127448	19182219429
4000	126204	19178354882
6000	124706	19170842330
8000	122453	19155247742
10000	108958	19030279736
……	……	……
1455784000	1	1455790901
1455786000	1	1455790901
1455788000	1	1455790901
1455790000	1	1455790901
1455792000	0	0

对比内容	传统据指标判别方法	基于空间分形特征的识别方法
识别角度	自下而上	自上而下
识别目标	城市	实体空间
行政边界	需要	不需要
行政单元分拆性	不可分	可分
贴近客观存在	否	是
空间形态	未充分考虑	已考虑
捕捉影响因素	需要	不需要
空间相互作用及要素流	需要但未考虑	无需单独考虑
评价指标体系	需要	不需要
判别标准	需要	不需要
城市双分形特征	未考虑	已体现