坦桑尼亚人口分布空间格局及演变特征

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.05.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

坦桑尼亚是中国“一带一路”战略的重要辐射点,中国已成为坦桑尼亚第一大贸易伙伴。本文基于坦桑尼亚全国人口普查资料及分地区统计数据,运用人口密度分析法、人口分布集中指数、人口重心模型和人口偏移增长模型,分析了坦桑尼亚自20世纪80年代末经济变革以来人口分布的空间格局及演变特征。研究结果表明：①坦桑尼亚人口分布以中央铁路线为界,呈现“南疏北密”特征;②1988-2002-2012年间,人口分布不均衡发展的态势不断增强,人口分布重心始终处于中部偏北地区,且有继续北移的趋势;③人口向城市地区集聚是人口再分布的主要过程,中心城市的人口集聚能力不断增强,达累斯萨拉姆省始终处于正向增长的绝对优势地位,以致周边地区出现明显的人口偏移负增长;④铁路和港口等基础设施对人口集聚的作用明显。上述结论对中坦在基础设施建设、住房建设及公共服务方面的合作具有重要意义。

关键词: 人口分布, 空间格局演变, 人口偏移增长模型, 坦桑尼亚, 一带一路

Abstract:

Tanzania is an important part of China's 'the Belt and Road' strategy, and China has become the largest trade partner of Tanzania. For the extensive cooperation in infrastructure, housing and public services, spatial pattern of population in Tanzania aroused broad attention. Based on the national census and regional statistics data of Tanzania, population density analysis, distribution concentration index, gravity center model, and population growth shift model were used to analyze Tanzania's population spatial distribution pattern and evolution since its economic reform in the late 1980s. The results shows that: (1) Divided by the central railway line, the population of Tanzania showed a characteristic of sparse distribution in the south and dense distribution in the north; (2) There was a growing trend of uneven population distribution during the period of 1988-2012. The population gravity center was always in the central-north region and had a tendency to continue to move northward; (3) Population movement to urban areas was the major process of population redistribution. The capacity of core cities in attracting migrants was growing. The Dar Es Salaam region experienced most rapid population growth that led to significant negative population growth shift in its surrounding areas; (4) Infrastructure such as railways and ports had evident effect on population agglomeration.

Key words: population distribution, evolution of spatial pattern, population growth shift model, Tanzania, the Belt and Road

张家旗, 陈爽. 坦桑尼亚人口分布空间格局及演变特征[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(5): 610-617.

Jiaqi ZHANG, Shuang CHEN, W. MAPUNDA Damas. Spatial pattern and its evolution of population in Tanzania[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(5): 610-617.

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	主要港口	>100人/km²的亚区数量/个	面积/km²	最大半径/km
海港	达累斯萨拉姆港	103	2488	65
	姆特瓦拉港	16	255	25
	坦噶港	27	730	46
	基尔瓦港	0	0	0
	林迪港	13	265	20
	马飞亚港	3	150	30
	潘加尼港	5	117	15
	巴加莫约港	3	209	27
	桑给巴尔港	170	904	45
	查凯查凯港	88	755	42
	姆科阿尼港	32	252	18
内陆港	姆万扎港	143	9983	110
	布科巴港	88	3857	91
	穆索马港	94	5377	107
	基戈马港	60	4047	105