长江流域土地利用时空变化特征及其径流效应

doi:10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.04.004

地理科学进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 426-436.doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2017.04.004

长江流域土地利用时空变化特征及其径流效应

徐苏¹(), 张永勇^2,^*(), 窦明¹, 花瑞祥², 周宇建²

1. 郑州大学水利与环境学院, 郑州 450001
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101

收稿日期:2016-06-01 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20
通讯作者: 张永勇 E-mail:xusu0925@163.com;zhangyy003@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:
作者简介：徐苏(1990-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事水文学及水资源领域研究,E-mail:xusu0925@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671024);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所秉维优秀青年人才计划项目(2015RC201);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2014041)

Spatial distribution of land use change in the Yangtze River Basin and the impact on runoff

Su XU¹(), Yongyong ZHANG^2,^*(), Ming DOU¹, Ruixiang HUA², Yujian ZHOU²

1. School of Water Conservancy & Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2016-06-01 Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20
Contact: Yongyong ZHANG E-mail:xusu0925@163.com;zhangyy003@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41671024;“Bingwei” Excellent Talents in the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, No.2015RC201;Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS, No.2014041

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地利用变化的径流效应是水循环研究中的重点内容之一。长江流域是中国最大的流域,土地利用变化及其径流效应分析是研究该流域径流演变、水旱灾害的基础。本文利用1980、1990、1995、2000、2005年五期土地利用数据,采用土地利用转移矩阵计算土地利用动态度、交换变量等指标,评价了长江流域土地利用的时空变化特征,识别关键变化区域及其变化原因。在此基础上,利用SCS模型的降水—径流方程,分析了土地利用变化的径流效应。研究结果表明：1980-2005年时期,长江流域土地转移活跃程度在第一(1980-1990年)和第四(2001-2005年)时期内明显高于1991-1995年和1996-2000年,中上游四川及其北部地区的活跃程度最大。1980-2005年期间水田、旱地、林地和草地面积变化幅度都在8%以内。但受不同时期环境保护和经济发展因素影响,耕地(水田和旱地)和林地、草地呈现相反的变化,而水域、未利用地和城镇用地相对变化较大;其中快速的城镇化导致城镇用地增幅最高,可达196.58%。土地利用变化直接导致流域的平均径流系数变大,变幅从-0.67%到0.80%,平均增幅0.05%,变化最显著的地区在城市化水平较高的长三角一带。径流系数的增加导致洪水发生的可能性增大。

关键词: 土地利用, 转移矩阵, 交换变量, 径流系数, SCS模型, 长江流域

Abstract:

The impact of land use change on runoff is one of the key concerns in water cycle research. The Yangtze River Basin is the largest river basin in China, and land use change and its impact on runoff are key research questions for runoff variation and flood and drought hazards analyses of the basin. This study used land use data of the Yangtze River Basin in 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 to calculate the dynamic degree, swapping variable values, and other indexes between the four periods by land use transition matrix, evaluated spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use, and identified key regions of change and driving factors in the basin. Based on the widely-used precipitation-runoff relationship of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model, runoff impacts caused by land use change were assessed. The results show that from 1980 to 2005, land transfer activity was more intense in the first (1980-1990) and the fourth (2001-2005) periods compared to the two periods in between (1991-1995, 1996-2000). The middle and upper reaches around Sichuan Province and to its north were the most active regions. Paddy land, dry land, woodland, and grassland areas changed slightly, less than 8%. Influenced by different approaches of environmental protection and economic development in the four periods, cultivated lands (paddy land and dry land) showed inverse changes with grassland, and water body, unused land, and urban land changed to a much greater extent. In particular, due to rapid urbanization, urban land increased by 196.58%. Land use change directly resulted in the increase of average runoff coefficient, which ranged from -0.67%~0.80%, with the mean of 0.05%. The most obvious changes were in highly urbanized regions, particularly around the Yangtze River Delta region. Increase of runoff coefficient would raise the occurrence probability of flooding.

Key words: land use, transition matrix, swapping variables, runoff coefficient, Soil Conservation Service(SCS) model, Yangtze River Basin

徐苏, 张永勇, 窦明, 花瑞祥, 周宇建. 长江流域土地利用时空变化特征及其径流效应[J]. 地理科学进展, 2017, 36(4): 426-436.

Su XU, Yongyong ZHANG, Ming DOU, Ruixiang HUA, Yujian ZHOU. Spatial distribution of land use change in the Yangtze River Basin and the impact on runoff[J]. PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY, 2017, 36(4): 426-436.

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	A₁	A₂	…	A_i
A₁	S₁₁	S₁₂	…	S₁_n
A₂	S₂₁	S₂₂	…	S₂_n
…	…	…	…	…
A_i	S_n₁	S_n₂	…	S_nn

土地利用类型	1980-1990		1991-1995		1996-2000		2001-2005
土地利用类型	面积变化/km²	变化率/%	面积变化/km²	变化率/%	面积变化/km²	变化率/%	面积变化/km²	变化率/%
水田	-6432	-2.24	-1612	-0.64	-2168	-0.87	1916	0.78
旱地	-18244	-7.01	-6048	-2.62	6040	2.68	15836	6.86
林地	37212	4.97	4320	0.56	-5568	-0.72	-34876	-4.52
草地	19336	4.48	11068	2.52	-9688	-2.15	-20880	-4.73
水域	-8220	-20.08	-508	-1.57	248	0.78	10800	33.82
建设用地	-16476	-70.59	2284	32.39	1432	15.34	21168	196.58
未利用地	-6820	-8.91	-9504	-13.64	9704	16.13	5660	8.12

年份	1980	1990	1995	2000	2005
流域平均CN值	74.43	73.93	73.92	73.98	74.57
变幅/%		-0.67	-0.02	0.09	0.80

长江流域土地利用时空变化特征及其径流效应

Spatial distribution of land use change in the Yangtze River Basin and the impact on runoff

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